Alagogshak

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Facts


  • Seismically Monitored: No
  • Color Code: UNASSIGNED
  • Alert Level: UNASSIGNED
  • Elevation: 1675m (5495ft)
  • Latitude: 58.15737
  • Longitude: -155.39839
  • Smithsonian VNum:
  • Pronunciation:
  • Nearby Towns:
    • Kanatak 47 mi (76 km) SW
    • Karluk 53 mi (86 km) SE
    • King Salmon 59 mi (94 km) NW
    • Larsen Bay 67 mi (109 km) SE
    • South Naknek 70 mi (112 km) NW

    Distance from Anchorage: 285 mi (459 km)

Description

From Hildreth and others (1999) [1] : "Alagogshak volcano, a newly recognized volcanic-front stratovolcano on the Alaska Peninsula rangecrest, 15 km southwest of Katmai Pass, produced 10-18 km3 of andesite-dacite eruptive products during several episodes of activity in the middle and late Pleistocene. From a central vent marked by hydrothermal alteration and remnants of a cratered fragmental cone on the present-day drainage divide, glacially incised stacks of lava flows (57-66 percent SiO,) dip radially and extend 6-10 km in most directions. Lava flows that make up four ridge-capping outliers well west of the volcano may also have erupted there. The medium-K calcalkaline Alagogshak eruptive suite is compositionally varied, probably reflecting independent evolution of different magma batches supplied in several episodes spread intermittently over at least 600,000 years."

Name Origin

"Alagogshak volcano" is an informal name, applied to this feature by Wes Hildreth, Judy Fierstein, Martin Lanphere, and David Siems. The volcano's name is derived from nearby Alagogshak Creek. Alagogshak Creek is a Native name published by Griggs (1922), as "Alagogshuk Creek" (Orth, 1971).


References Cited

[1] Alagogshak volcano: A Pleistocene andesite-dacite stratovolcano in Katmai National Park, 1999

Hildreth, W., Fierstein, J., Lanphere, M. A., and Siems, D. F., 1999, Alagogshak volcano: A Pleistocene andesite-dacite stratovolcano in Katmai National Park: in Kelley, K.D. (ed.), Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper PP 1614, p. 105-113.
full-text PDF 504 KB

Reported Activity

Modern Eruptions

Frosty

Frosty Eruption Timeline

McGimsey and others (2004) report that a rock fall was possibly mistaken for a volcanic eruption at Frosty during the summer of 2001. Their report: "AVO received several reports during the 2001 summer of possible eruptive activity at Frosty volcano. NWS observer in Cold Bay, Craig Eckert, took photos of what he described as an intermittent steam plume emanating from Frosty on July 8, 2001[See figure 8 in original text]. Inspection of records from nearby seismic networks revealed nothing unusual. Two days later, State Trooper pilot, Ron Kmiecik, reported atypical bare rock and dark material at the summit of Frosty, but no venting, steaming, or evidence of melting, specifically mentioning the absence of debris trails or channeling or melted snow. He described the material as a 'brown, rusty * * * not black and ashy like at Pavlof and Shishaldin, like red dust or crushed powder.' In the next several weeks, AVO received a couple of similar reports from local residents and pilots as well as inquiries about the possibility of impending volcanic activity. Craig Eckert reported on August 16 that on the previous day a strong sulfur smell enveloped Cold Bay when the wind was blowing from the southwest (i.e. from the direction of Frosty), and he sent additional photographs to AVO [See figure 9A-C in original text]. On August 28, 2001, AVO scientists working in the area flew over the volcano and observed nothing unusual and no indication of recent volcanic unrest. They noted that snow levels were uncharacteristically low - likely owing to the unusually warm summer - exposing the summit rocks for the first time in many years. The newly exposed rocks at the summit, and the possibility (likelihood) of minor rock fall avalanches may have been the cause for mistaken signs of volcanic unrest. They noticed no major landslide deposits, no unusual discoloration, and no sulfur odor."

Frosty avalanche 2016

November 12, 2016

From Cameron and others (2020): "Eruptive activity and volcanic unrest were not observed at Frosty Peak in 2016, but residents 15 km (9 mi) to the northeast in Cold Bay, Alaska, reported an avalanche to AVO on November 12. Cold Bay resident Michael Livingston sent AVO photographs of the avalanche and rockfall taken by Happy Kremer (fig. 24). These images show that a small part of Frosty Peak's bedrock spire collapsed and formed a prominent linear debris avalanche track across the snow.
"The Aviation Color Code and Volcanic Alert Level remained UNASSIGNED, because Frosty Peak is not seismically monitored by AVO and the avalanche was not initiated by volcanic activity. On November 14, AVO released an Information Statement about the event stating that, 'The collapse is not due to volcanic activity and was likely the result of the failure of unstable, altered, and weakened rock that makes up the summit of the volcano. Similar rock, ice, and snow avalanches have occurred previously at Frosty, most recently in 2001 (McGimsey and others, 2004).'"

Frosty 2001

Frosty avalanche 2016

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1 Event Date(s)

Past Activity Legend:
Eruption
Questionable eruption
Non-eruptive activity


Showing 1 - 8 of 8

Map Images


Map References


Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986

Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

References

Understanding drivers of mercury in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a top-predator fish in southwest Alaska's parklands, 2023

Bartz, K.K., Hannam, M.P., Wilson, T.L., Lepak, R.F., Ogorek, J.M., Young, D.B., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2023, Understanding drivers of mercury in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a top-predator fish in southwest Alaska's parklands: Environmental Pollution v. 330, 121678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121678
Full-text PDF 3.8 MB

Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA), 2022

Cameron, C.E., Crass, S.W., and AVO Staff, eds, 2022, Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA): Alaska Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 20, https://doi.org/10.14509/geodiva, https://doi.org/10.14509/30901.

Alaska Volcano Observatory image database, 2016

Cameron, C.E., and Snedigar, S.F., 2016, Alaska Volcano Observatory image database: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 13, https://www.avo.alaska.edu/images/. https://doi.org/10.14509/29689.

Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure and earthquake relocations at Katmai, Alaska, 2014

Murphy, Rachel, Thurber, Clifford, Prejean, Stephanie, and Bennington, Ninfa, 2014, Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure and earthquake relocations at Katmai, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 276, p. 121-131, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.02.22

Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska, 2014

Cameron, C.E., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 153, 11 p., doi:10.14509/27357 .

Katmai scientific studies, 2012

Winfree, Robert, with contributions from Bacon, C.R., Bennett, A.J., Bennington, Ninfa, Berg, E.E., Brooks, Margi, Coletti, H.A., Coombs, M.L., Fierstein, Judy, Freeburg, Gary, Frost, G.V., Haney, Matthew, Jorgenson, M.T., Miller, A.E., Moran, Seth, Murphy, Rachel, Partnow, Patricia, Paskievitch, John, Stevens, D.P., Powell, Lee, Power, John, Prejean, S.G., Schaaf, Jeanne, Sherriff, R.L., Thurber, Clifford, and Welchman, R.A., 2012, Katmai science studies: Alaska Park Science Journal, v. 11, n. 1, 96 p., available online at http://www.nps.gov/akso/nature/science/ak_park_science/volume_11_issue_1.cfm .

Katmai National Park volcanoes, 2012

Fierstein, Judy, 2012, Katmai National Park volcanoes: in Winfree, Robert (project lead), Katmai Science Studies: Alaska Park Science Journal, v. 11, n. 1, p. 14-21, available online at http://www.nps.gov/akso/nature/science/ak_park_science/volume_11_issue_1.cfm .
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Explosive eruptive record in the Katmai region, Alaska Peninsula: an overview, 2007

Fierstein, Judy, 2007, Explosive eruptive record in the Katmai region, Alaska Peninsula: an overview: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, n. 5, p. 469-509, doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0097-y.

Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes, 2003

Cameron, C. E., Triplehorn, J. H., and Robar, C. L., 2003, Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication MP 131, 1 CD-ROM.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

The great eruption of 1912, 2002

Adleman, Jennifer, 2002, The great eruption of 1912: National Park Service Alaska Park Science Winter 2002, Anchorage, AK, http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/52558645/52558645v1no1.pdf , p. 4-11.
full-text PDF 1.6 MB
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Katmai geology guide, 2002

Riehle, Jim, 2002, Katmai geology guide: Publication Consultants, 112 p.

Alagogshak volcano: A Pleistocene andesite-dacite stratovolcano in Katmai National Park, 1999

Hildreth, W., Fierstein, J., Lanphere, M. A., and Siems, D. F., 1999, Alagogshak volcano: A Pleistocene andesite-dacite stratovolcano in Katmai National Park: in Kelley, K.D. (ed.), Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper PP 1614, p. 105-113.
full-text PDF 504 KB

July-August 1997, 1997

Alaska Volcano Observatory, 1997, July-August 1997: Alaska Volcano Observatory Bimonthly Report, v. 9, n. 4, 31 p.
Part 1 PDF 446 KB
Part 2 PDF 435 KB
Part 3 PDF 2 MB

Mesozoic macrofossil locality map, checklists, and pre-Quaternary stratigraphic section of the Mt. Katmai and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska, 1995

Miller, J.W., Elder, W.P., and Detterman, R.L., 1995, Mesozoic macrofossil locality map, checklists, and pre-Quaternary stratigraphic section of the Mt. Katmai and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2021-G, 3 sheets. https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2021G

Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986

Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.