Hayes

Description Past Activity Images Maps Bibliography Prepare

Facts

Official Name: Hayes Volcano
Seismically Monitored: No
Color Code: UNASSIGNED
Alert Level: UNASSIGNED
Elevation: 2788m (9146ft)
Latitude: 61.5991
Longitude: -152.4182
Smithsonian VNum: 313050
Pronunciation:
Nearby Towns:
- Skwentna 47 mi (76 km) NE
- Beluga 51 mi (82 km) SE
- Tyonek 56 mi (90 km) SE
- Susitna 61 mi (99 km) SE
- Nikiski 71 mi (114 km) SE
Distance from Anchorage: 87 mi (141 km)

Description

General physical description:

Hayes Volcano (not to be confused with Mount Hayes, a prominent nonvolcanic peak in the Alaska Range) is quite unusual among Aleutian Arc volcanoes because it doesn’t have a defined cone shape or even a proper summit ^[1]. In fact, it wasn’t recognized as a volcano until 1975 ^[2]. Hayes is easy to miss among the other peaks of the surrounding Tordrillo Mountains, and 90% of its nondescript edifice is buried under glacial ice and perennial snow. What does stick up through the snow and ice cover is made up of deeply eroded lava dome, dome debris, and pyroclastic flow deposits ^[1]. Little is known about this volcano, which is extremely remote and rarely visited, but it has the potential to severely disrupt the largest population center in Alaska should it erupt.

Location:

Hayes Volcano is the eastern and northernmost volcano in the Aleutian Arc. It is located towards the northern end of the Tordrillo Mountains, which are south of the Alaska Range and to the northwest of Cook Inlet. Hayes is found along a ridge just northeast of the higher nonvolcanic peak of Mount Gerdine at the head of the Hayes Glacier, which gives the volcano its name ^[3]. Hayes Volcano is located 141 km WNW of Anchorage, and the closest community to the volcano is Skwentna, 76 km away. Hayes is 90 km north of Mount Spurr, the next volcano in the Aleutian Arc, which is also in the Tordrillo Mountains ^[1].

Notable eruptions:

Hayes Volcano has not erupted in historical times and has never been noted to exhibit signs of unrest by the Alaska Volcano Observatory ^[1]. However, volcanic ash found across interior, south-central, and southeast Alaska has been tied to prehistoric eruptions of Hayes Volcano. The most recent major eruptive period, dated to approximately 1850-1550 BCE (3500-3800 cal yBP) ^[4], included several large Plinian eruptions. During this time, an eruption deposited at least 2 cm of ash at Anchorage’s present location, and 1 cm at Homer and Kenai. Numerous thick pyroclastic flow and lahar deposits dating from this period have also been identified in the Hayes River and Skwentna River drainages ^[1].

Another set of deposits at Hayes River have been dated to before the above eruptive period, indicating at least two older eruptions of Hayes Volcano: one tephra layer dated to approximately 2500 BCE (4450 cal yBP), and an older ignimbrite ^[4]. There is also some evidence for one more recent eruption of Hayes Volcano sometime between 50 and 1500 CE ^[5].

Special hazard info:

Hayes Volcano is listed as “high threat” by the most recent edition of the USGS National Volcanic Threat Assessment ^[6]. While Hayes Volcano has not erupted in historical times, some of its prehistoric eruptions have been very large. Ash from a similar major eruption in the future would likely grind air traffic at busy Ted Stevens International Airport to a halt, cut off air access to interior Alaska, pose a public health and environmental threat to the surrounding communities, including Anchorage, and affect oil and gas, shipping activities, and power generation in Cook Inlet ^[1]. Additionally, because Hayes Volcano is covered in a huge volume of ice and snow, future eruptions are very likely to generate lahars, which could reach the mouth of the Skwentna River near the community of Skwentna ^[1].

Name Origin

Hayes Volcano was officially named in 1999. The name is associated with Hayes Glacier, which was named for Charles Willard Hayes (1858-1916), a geologist and explorer (link to GNIS).

References Cited

[1] Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes volcano, Alaska, 2002

Waythomas, C. F., and Miller, T. P., 2002, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-0072, 33 p.

full-text PDF 3.98 MB

[2] "New" volcanoes in the Aleutian volcanic arc, 1976

Miller, T. P., and Smith, R. L., 1976, "New" volcanoes in the Aleutian volcanic arc [abs.]: in Cobb, E. H., (ed.), The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: accomplishments during 1975, U.S. Geological Survey Circular C 0733, p. 11.

[3] Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, 1990

Wood, C. A., and Kienle, Juergen, (eds.), 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p.

[4] Significance of a near-source tephra-stratigraphic sequence to the eruptive history of Hayes Volcano, south-central Alaska, 2014

Wallace, K.L., Coombs, M.L., Hayden, L.A., and Waythomas, C.F., 2014, Significance of a near-source tephra-stratigraphic sequence to the eruptive history of Hayes Volcano, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5133, 32 p., available online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5133/

pub page on USGS website

full-text PDF 864 KB

excel files 1 MB

[5] A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska, 1985

Riehle, J. R., 1985, A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 26, n. 1-2, p. 37-74.

[6] 2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment, 2018

Ewert, J.W., Diefenbach, A.K., and Ramsey, D.W., 2018, 2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5140, 40 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5140/sir20185140.pdf.

download from USGS

Reported Activity

Modern Eruptions

Sanford

Sanford Eruption Timeline

Sanford 1981/4

April 11, 1981

An Associated Press story carried by both the LA Times and the New York times reported that a huge rockslide on Mt. Sanford on April 11, 1981, had been previously mistaken for a volcanic eruption. The text of the story (Associated Press, 1981) is as follows: "A huge landslide on Mount Sanford was mistaken for a volcanic eruption by nearby residents and airline pilots passing overhead yesterday, a University of Alaska scientist says. The slide on the mountain's sheer south face exposed layers of old, loose ash that strong updrafts pushed into a huge plume-shaped cloud, Carl Benson, a member of the university's Geophysical Institute, said after flying over the 16,237-foot peak yesterday. The landslide occurred in a sparsely populated area, and there were no reports of injury or damage."

Sanford 1993/4

April 5, 1993 — April 8, 1993

From Neal and others (1996): "Ground observers in Glennallen reported unusual white cloud formations over Mount Sanford on April 5 and 6, 1993. Another report on April 8, 1993, indicated that the mountain 'was steaming' from low on the east or south side (there were conflicting reports) and the resultant cloud was boiling up the flank to an estimated 5,000 ft (1,524 m) over the top of the peak. This level of apparent activity was more than this observer had noted in 21 years of viewing the volcano. Given the history of rock and ice falls from the shear south flank of the mountain and the fact that the phenomenon was short lived, AVO concluded that the observations were probably related to a large avalanche(s) or to unusual orographically induced weather clouds. No mention of the event was made in the AVO weekly update."

Sanford 1994/9

September 30, 1994

From Neal and others (1995): "On September 30, [1994], the National Weather Service (NWS) contacted AVO with a pilot report of a steam plume over Mount Sanford. AVO contacted the local flight service station in Gulkana and discussed the observation. Given the clear weather conditions at the time, the transience of the plume, and the history of large gravity slides at Mount Sanford, it was concluded that the observation was probably related to a large avalanche. No mention of this event was made in the AVO weekly update on volcanic activity in Alaska."

Sanford 1997/9

September 30, 1997

From McGimsey and Wallace (1999): "A Copper Center resident reported a large steam cloud rising from the southwest face of Mt. Sanford on September 30, 1997. The cloud persisted throughout the afternoon before dissipating. Based on previous similar activity, AVO staff concluded that the cloud resulted from avalanching or debris fall from the southwest face."

Sanford 2009/3

March 18, 2009 — March 19, 2009

From McGimsey and others (2014): "On March 18 and 19, 2009, local Copper River Basin residents observed a large, unusual cloud emanating from the summit of Mount Sanford volcano (figs. 2-4). AVO was alerted on March 19 because the cloud had persisted for more than 24 hours and some residents were concerned that the cloud indicated volcanic activity. The cloud was reported to extend for more than 50 km (30 mi). The plume was visible March 19 on a webcam located at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility, 29 km (18 mi) north of Glennallen, Alaska, but the view was 'all clear' at Sanford from this camera on March 20. From the vantage point of most residents of the Copper River Basin, this cloud appeared to be a feature unique to Sanford; however, AVO remote sensing specialists examining satellite images of the region reported that this was one of several orographic clouds streaming off the higher mountain peaks in the area. AVO issued an Information Statement on March 20 to report and explain the observations."

Sanford 2010/3

March 15, 2010 — October 20, 2010

From Neal and others (2014): "On March 23, a consulting geologist working in the area reported seeing a 'good size plume' from Sanford on 2 night. A number of Copper River Valley residents shared photographs of Sanford from March 15 when a dramatic looking plume emated from the southern flank and summit of the volcano.
"A similar cloud was reported on October 20 by Pete Dalton, District Ranger for the National Park Service, stationed at the Gulkana Airport. According to Pete Dalton, the plume rose about 2000 to 3000 ft above the summit. AVO received multiple calls regarding the October 20 plume, which appeared to originate from several points on the near-vertical, rocky southern face of the volcano. A towering vapor cloud emanating from the steep rocky face of this volcano has been reported before (McGimsey and others, 1999) and may be related to rock and ice-fall activity, solar warming of the rock and ice face, or a combination of processes. No features related to volcanic heat sources have been documented on Mount Sanford; however, no comprehensive thermal survey has been done."

Sanford 1981/4

Sanford 1993/4

Sanford 1994/9

Sanford 1997/9

Sanford 2009/3

Sanford 2010/3

1900

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TimelineJS

5 Event Date(s)

Past Activity Legend:

	Eruption
	Questionable eruption
	Non-eruptive activity

Photo of the upper Skwentna river just above Crystal Creek on return flight from Hayes.

Helicopter landing site for tephra collection north of Hayes.

AVO geologist Kristi Wallace examining a tephra pit north of Hayes.

AVO geologist Kristi Wallace recording observations of Hayes tephra exposed in a pit.

AVO geologists Chris Waythomas (left) and Kristi Wallace (right) examining Hayes tephra on the bank of the Hayes River.

Detail of Hayes tephra section on the bank of the Hayes River.

AVO geologist Chris Waythomas examining lahar deposits on the Hayes River.

Landing site looking for Hayes tephra near Rainy Pass.

Location searching for Hayes tephra near Rainy Pass.

View north into the Alaska Range from north of Hayes.

Hayes tephra collection landing site on the Skwentna River.

Hayes tephra collection site on the Little Susitna River.

Tephra collection site on the Hayes River.

Fieldwork at Hayes, June 2016. Andy Calvert sampling a lava dome in the snow- and ice-filled summit caldera.

Showing 1 - 20 of 27

Map Images

By: U.S. Geological Survey
Topographic shaded relief map showing the location of Hayes volcano, Alaska.

Map References

Tephra occurrence in Alaska: a map-based compilation of stratigraphic tephra data, 2018

Worden, A.K., Schaefer, J.R., and Mulliken, K.M., 2018, Tephra occurrence in Alaska: a map-based compilation of stratigraphic tephra data: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 165, 19 p., http://doi.org/10.14509/30059

publication for download on DGGS website

Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska - including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale Quadrangles, 2009

Wilson, F.H., Hults, C.P., Schmoll, H.R., Haeussler, P.J., Schmidt, J.M., Yehle, L.A., and Labay, K.A., compilers; digital files prepared by Wilson, F.H., Hults, C.P., Labay, K.A., and Shew, Nora, 2009, Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska - including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale Quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1108, scale 1:250:000, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1108/ .

Volcanoes of Alaska, 1998

Nye, C. J., Queen, Katherine, and McCarthy, A. M., 1998, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000, available at http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=7043 .

website with links to sheets in PDF format

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Catalog and initial analyses of geologic data related to middle and late Quaternary deposits, Cook Inlet region, Alaska, 1996

Reger, R. D., Pinney, D. S., Burke, R. M., and Wiltse, M. A., 1996, Catalog and initial analyses of geologic data related to middle and late Quaternary deposits, Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 95-06, 188 p., 6 sheets, scale 1:250,000.

website with links to PDF files

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Volcanoes of Alaska, 1995

Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000.

Surficial geologic map of the Tyonek B-4 quadrangle, south central Alaska, 1994

Yehle, L. A., and Schmoll, H. R., 1994, Surficial geologic map of the Tyonek B-4 quadrangle, south central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF 2258, unpaged, 1 plate, scale 1:31680.

Geothermal resources of the Aleutian Arc, 1993

Motyka, R. J., Liss, S. A., Nye, C. J., and Moorman, M. A., 1993, Geothermal resources of the Aleutian Arc: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report PR 0114, 17 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska, 1993

March, G. D., 1993, Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public-Data File PDF 93-85, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,000,000.

Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986

Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

References

Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska, 2024

Loewen, M.W., Wallace, Kristi, Coombs, M.L., and Mulliken, K.M., 2023, Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Raw Data File 2023-25, 4 p. https://doi.org/10.14509/31090

Link to report and data files

Proximity to active volcanoes enhances glacier velocity, 2024

Mallalieu, J., Barr, I.D., Spagnolo, M., Mullan, D.J., Symeonakis, E., Edwards, B.R., and Martin, M.D., 2024, Proximity to active volcanoes enhances glacier velocity: Communications Earth & Environment v. 5, 679. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01826-5

Full-text PDF 1.3 MB

Supplementary data 80.5 MB

Probabilistic source classification of large tephra producing eruptions using supervised machine learning - an example from the Alaska-Aleutian Arc, 2023

Lubbers, J., Loewen, M., Wallace, K., Coombs, M., and Addison, J., 2023, Probabilistic source classification of large tephra producing eruptions using supervised machine learning - an example from the Alaska-Aleutian Arc: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems v. 24, no. 11, e2023GC011037. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC011037.

Alaska interagency operating plan for volcanic ash episodes, 2022

Alaska Volcano Observatory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Defense, United States Coast Guard, Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, and Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (participating agencies), 2022, Alaska interagency operating plan for volcanic ash episodes, 85 p.

old ash plan from 2004 1.72 MB

old ash plan from 2008 907 KB

old ash plan from 2011 4.7 MB

old ash plan from 2014 4.47 MB

old ash plan from 2017 2.7 MB

2022 version 4 mb

Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA), 2022

Cameron, C.E., Crass, S.W., and AVO Staff, eds, 2022, Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA): Alaska Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 20, https://doi.org/10.14509/geodiva, https://doi.org/10.14509/30901.

Machine learning classifiers for attributing tephra to source volcanoes: an evalution of methods for Alaska tephras, 2020

Bolton, M.S.M., Jensen, B.J.L., Wallace, Kristi, Praet, Nore, Fortin, David, Kaufman, Darrell, and De Batist, Marc, 2020, Machine learning classifiers for attributing tephra to source volcanoes: an evalution of methods for Alaska tephras: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 35, n. 1-2, p. 81-92, doi:10.1002/jqs.3170.

Geospatial distribution of tephra fall in Alaska: a geodatabase compilation of published tephra fall occurrences from the Pleistocene to the present, 2018

Mulliken, K.M., Schaefer, J.R., and Cameron, C.E., 2018, Geospatial distribution of tephra fall in Alaska: a geodatabase compilation of published tephra fall occurrences from the Pleistocene to the present: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 164, 46 p. http://doi.org/10.14509/29847

Tephra occurrence in Alaska: a map-based compilation of stratigraphic tephra data, 2018

publication for download on DGGS website

2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment, 2018

download from USGS

Chronology and glass chemistry of tephra and cryptotephra horizons from lake sediments in northern Alaska, USA, 2017

Monteath, A.J., van Hardenbroek, M., Davies, L.J., Froese, D.G., Langdon, P.G., Xu, X., and Edwards, M.E., 2017, Chronology and glass chemistry of tephra and cryptotephra horizons from lake sediments in northern Alaska, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 88, p. 1-10.

Holocene volcanism and human occupation in the middle Susitna River Valley, Alaska, 2016

Mulliken, Katherine M., 2016, Holocene volcanism and human occupation in the middle Susitna River Valley, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks M.A. thesis, 234 p.

Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephrostratigraphy of interior Alaska and Yukon: Key beds and chronologies over the past 30,000 years, 2016

Davies, L. J., Jensen, B. J., Froese, D. G., and Wallace, K. L., 2016, Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephrostratigraphy of interior Alaska and Yukon: Key beds and chronologies over the past 30,000 years: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 146, p. 28-53.

Paleoearthquakes of the Past ~6000 Years at the Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault at the Nenana River, Alaska, 2016

Carlson, J.K., 2016, Paleoearthquakes of the Past~ 6000 Years at the Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault at the Nenana River, Alaska: University of Kentucky M.S. thesis, 73 p.

Geomorphic consequences of volcanic eruptions in Alaska: A review, 2015

Waythomas, C.F., 2015, Geomorphic consequences of volcanic eruptions in Alaska: A review: Geomorphology, v. 246, p. 123-145, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.004

Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska, 2014

Cameron, C.E., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 153, 11 p., doi:10.14509/27357 .

Significance of a near-source tephra-stratigraphic sequence to the eruptive history of Hayes Volcano, south-central Alaska, 2014

pub page on USGS website

full-text PDF 864 KB

excel files 1 MB

Recent acceleration of carbon accumulation in a boreal peatland, south central Alaska, 2013

Loisel, J., and Yu, Z., 2013, Recent acceleration of carbon accumulation in a boreal peatland, south central Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences v. 118, no. 1, p. 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG001978

Extending the Applications of Tephrochronology in Northwestern North America, 2011

Dunning, H., 2011, Extending the Applications of Tephrochronology in Northwestern North America: University of Alberta M.S. Thesis, 187 p.

Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska - including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale Quadrangles, 2009

Magmatic processes in the Alaska subduction zone by combined 3-D b value imaging and targeted seismic tomography, 2009

van Stiphout, T., Kissling, E., Wiemer, S., and Ruppert, N., 2009, Magmatic processes in the Alaska subduction zone by combined 3-D b value imaging and targeted seismic tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 114, n. B11, 16 p., doi: 10.1029/2008JB005958 .

Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world, 2009

Mastin, L.G., Guffanti, Marianne, Ewert, J.E., and Spiegel, Jessica, 2009, Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1133, v. 1.2, 25 p., available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1133/ .

Changing ideas on the identity and stratigraphic significance of the Sheep Creek tephra beds in Alaska and the Yukon Territory, northwestern North America, 2008

Westgate, J.A., Preece, S.J., Froese, D.G., Pearce, N.J.G., Roberts, R.G., Demuro, M., Hart, W.K., and Perkins, W., 2008, Changing ideas on the identity and stratigraphic significance of the Sheep Creek tephra beds in Alaska and the Yukon Territory, northwestern North America: Quaternary International, v. 178, n. 1, p. 183-209, doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.009.

Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, 2008

Schiff, C.J., Kaufman, D.S., Wallace, K.L., Werner, A., Ku, T.L., and Brown, T.A., 2008, Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 3, p. 56-67.

Extending the Late Holocene tephrochronology of the central Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 2008

Payne, R.J., and Blackford, J.J., 2008, Extending the Late Holocene tephrochronology of the central Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Arctic, v. 61, n. 3, p. 243-254.

An extensive middle to late Pleistocene tephrochronologic record from east-central Alaska, 2008

Jensen, B.J.L., Froese, D.L., Preece, S.J., Westgate, J.A., and Stachel, Thomas, 2008, An extensive middle to late Pleistocene tephrochronologic record from east-central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, p. 411-427, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.10.010 .

An 18,700 year record of tephra-fall frequency as recorded in peat cores recovered from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 2008

DeRuwe, A.D., 2008, An 18,700 year record of tephra-fall frequency as recorded in peat cores recovered from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Alaska Pacific University M.S. thesis, 28 p.

System for ranking relative threats of U.S. volcanoes, 2007

Ewert, John, 2007, System for ranking relative threats of U.S. volcanoes: Natural Hazards Review, v. 8, n. 4, p. 112-124.

Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2005, 2006

Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., Tytgat, Guy, Estes, Steve, and McNutt, S.R., 2006, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1264, 78 p., available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1264/ .

The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS), 2006

Ewert, John, Guffanti, Marianne, Cervelli, Peter, and Quick, James, 2006, The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS 2006-3142, 2 p., available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3142 .

Assessment of tephra fall hazards at Aleutian Arc volcanoes using numerical models, geologic data, and historical observations, 2006

Waythomas, C.F., 2006, Assessment of tephra fall hazards at Aleutian Arc volcanoes using numerical models, geologic data, and historical observations [abs]: Eos, Joint Assembly Supplement, v. 87, abstract V33B-0661.

An assessment of volcanic threat and monitoring capabilities in the United States: framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System NVEWS, 2005

Ewert, J.W., Guffanti, Marianne, and Murray, T.L., 2005, An assessment of volcanic threat and monitoring capabilities in the United States: framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System NVEWS: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1164, 62 p.

full-text PDF 2.90 MB

A 13000-year history of vegetation and environmental change at Jan Lake, east-central Alaska, 2004

Carlsonl, L.J., and Finney, B.P., 2004, A 130 0-year history of vegetation and environmental change at Jan Lake, east-central Alaska: The Holocene, v. 14, n. 6, p. 818-827.

Volcanoes of the world: an illustrated catalog of Holocene volcanoes and their eruptions, 2003

Siebert, L., and Simkin, T., 2002-, Volcanoes of the world: an illustrated catalog of Holocene volcanoes and their eruptions: Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series GVP-3, http://volcano.si.edu/search_volcano.cfm, unpaged internet resource.

website

Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes, 2003

Cameron, C. E., Triplehorn, J. H., and Robar, C. L., 2003, Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication MP 131, 1 CD-ROM.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes volcano, Alaska, 2002

Waythomas, C. F., and Miller, T. P., 2002, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-0072, 33 p.

full-text PDF 3.98 MB

Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska, 2002

Haeussler, P.J., Best, T.C., and Waythomas, C.F., 2002, Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 114, n. 10, p. 1296-1310, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1296:PAHLSD>2.0.CO;2

article at GSA website

Volcanoes of Alaska, 1998

website with links to sheets in PDF format

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Catalog and initial analyses of geologic data related to middle and late Quaternary deposits, Cook Inlet region, Alaska, 1996

website with links to PDF files

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Radiocarbon age of probable Hayes tephra, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 1995

Combellick, R. A., and Pinney, D. S., 1995, Radiocarbon age of probable Hayes tephra, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: in Combellick, R. A. and Tannian, F., (eds.), Short notes on Alaska geology 1995, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report PR 0117, p. 1-9.

link to PDF on DGGS website

Bibliography for Hayes, Spurr, Crater Peak, Redoubt, Iliamna, Augustine, Douglas, and Aniakchak volcanoes, Alaska, 1995

Lemke, K. J., May, B. A., and Vanderpool, A. M., 1995, Bibliography for Hayes, Spurr, Crater Peak, Redoubt, Iliamna, Augustine, Douglas, and Aniakchak volcanoes, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-0435, 33 p.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Hydrologic hazards at recently active volcanoes in the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska, 1995

Dorava, J. M., and Waythomas, C. F., 1995, Hydrologic hazards at recently active volcanoes in the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska: in Herrman, R., (ed.), Annual summer symposium -- 1995, Water resources and environmental hazards: emphasis on hydrologic and cultural insight in the Pacific Rim, Honolulu, HI, American Water Resources Association, p. 91-98.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Volcanoes of Alaska, 1995

Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000.

Heterogeneity, correlatives, and proposed stratigraphic nomenclature of Hayes tephra set H, Alaska, 1994

Riehle, J. R., 1994, Heterogeneity, correlatives, and proposed stratigraphic nomenclature of Hayes tephra set H, Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 41, n. 3, p. 285-288.

Investigation of peat stratigraphy in tidal marshes along Cook Inlet, Alaska, to determine frequency of 1964-style great earthquakes in the Anchorage region, 1994

Combellick, R. A., 1994, Investigation of peat stratigraphy in tidal marshes along Cook Inlet, Alaska, to determine frequency of 1964-style great earthquakes in the Anchorage region: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 94-07, 24 p.

Surficial geologic map of the Tyonek B-4 quadrangle, south central Alaska, 1994

Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition], 1994

Simkin, Tom, and Siebert, Lee, 1994, Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition]: Tucson, Arizona, Geoscience Press, 349 p.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Melting properties of volcanic ash, 1994

Swanson, S. E., and Beget, J. E., 1994, Melting properties of volcanic ash: in Casadevall, T. J., (ed.), Volcanic ash and aviation safety: proceedings of the First international symposium on Volcanic ash and aviation safety, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2047, p. 87-92.

full-text PDF 210 KB

Quaternary volcanism in the Alaska Peninsula and Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, 1994

Miller, T. P., and Richter, D. H., 1994, Quaternary volcanism in the Alaska Peninsula and Wrangell Mountains, Alaska: in Plafker, George, Jones, D. L., and Berg, H. C., (eds.), The Geology of Alaska, Geological Society of America The Geology of North America series v. G-1, p. 759-779.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Tephrochronology, lichenometry and radiocarbon dating at Gulkana Glacier, central Alaska Range, USA, 1994

Beget, J.E., 1994, Tephrochronology, lichenometry and radiocarbon dating at Gulkana Glacier, central Alaska Range, USA: The Holocene, v. 4, n. 3, p. 307-313.

Geothermal resources of the Aleutian Arc, 1993

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska, 1993

March, G. D., 1993, Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public-Data File PDF 93-85, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,000,000.

VOLPLOT: a PC-based program for viewing Cook Inlet volcano-seismic data, 1992

March, G. D., and Murray, T. L., 1992, VOLPLOT: a PC-based program for viewing Cook Inlet volcano-seismic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-0560-A, Menlo Park, CA, 6 p.

VOLPLOT: a PC-based program for viewing Cook Inlet volcano-seismic data, 1992

March, G. D., and Murray, T. L., 1992, VOLPLOT: a PC-based program for viewing Cook Inlet volcano-seismic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-0560-B, unpaged.

Sr and Nd isotopic constraints on the provenance of late Cenozoic Alaskan silicic tephra, 1992

Preece, S. J., and Hart, W. K., 1992, Sr and Nd isotopic constraints on the provenance of late Cenozoic Alaskan silicic tephra [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 24, n. 7, p. 262.

Compositional variation and provenance of late Cenozoic distal tephra beds, Fairbanks area, Alaska, 1992

Preece, S. J., Westgate, J. A., and Gorton, M. P., 1992, Compositional variation and provenance of late Cenozoic distal tephra beds, Fairbanks area, Alaska: Quaternary International, v. 13/14, p. 97-101.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Correlation of the Holocene Jarvis Creek, Tangle Lakes, Cantwell, and Hayes tephras in south-central and central Alaska, 1991

Beget, J. E., Reger, R. D., Pinney, DeAnne, Gillispie, Tom, and Campbell, Kathy, 1991, Correlation of the Holocene Jarvis Creek, Tangle Lakes, Cantwell, and Hayes tephras in south-central and central Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 35, n. 2, p. 174-189.

Alaska's volcanoes, 1991

Rennick, Penny, (ed.), 1991, Alaska's volcanoes: Alaska Geographic, v. 18, n. 2, 80 p.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Tephrostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic Gold Hill loess, Fairbanks area, Alaska, 1991

Preece, S. J., 1991, Tephrostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic Gold Hill loess, Fairbanks area, Alaska: University of Toronto (Canada) M.S. thesis, 186 p.

Volcanic ash in the Cook Inlet region, 1991

Riehle, Jim, 1991, Volcanic ash in the Cook Inlet region: in Rennick, Penny, (ed.), Alaska's volcanoes, Alaska Geographic, v. 18, n. 2, p. 43-47.

Four Holocene tephra from the Prince William Sound area, Alaska, 1991

Wilbur, S. C., Molinari, M. P., Beget, J. E., and Hengesh, J. V., 1991, Four Holocene tephra from the Prince William Sound area, Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America - Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, n. 5, p. 398.

Alaska's volcanoes - an introduction, 1991

Unknown, 1991, Alaska's volcanoes - an introduction: in Rennick, Penny, (ed.), Alaska's volcanoes, Alaska Geographic, v. 18, n. 2, p. 5-9.

Alaska Volcano Observatory summary report: May 1, 1991 - June 30, 1991, 1991

Neal, C.A. (compiler), 1991, Alaska Volcano Observatory summary report: May 1, 1991 - June 30, 1991: Alaska Volcano Observatory bimonthly report series, 8 p.

The Hayes tephra deposits, an upper Holocene marker horizon in south- central Alaska, 1990

Riehle, J. R., Bowers, P. M., and Ager, T. A., 1990, The Hayes tephra deposits, an upper Holocene marker horizon in south- central Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 33, n. 3, p. 276-290.

Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, 1990

Wood, C. A., and Kienle, Juergen, (eds.), 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

A regional application of tephrochronology in Alaska, 1990

Dixon, J.E., and Smith, G.S., 1990, A regional application of tephrochronology in Alaska: Geological Society of America Centennial Special Volume, v. 4, p. 383-398.

Holocene tephrochronology of the Matanuska Valley, Alaska, 1988

Fontana, M.R., 1988, Holocene tephrochronology of the Matanuska Valley, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks M.S. thesis, 99 p.

Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986

Glacier runoff, balance, and dynamics in the upper Susitna Basin, Alaska, 1986

Clarke, T. S., 1986, Glacier runoff, balance, and dynamics in the upper Susitna Basin, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks unpublished M.S. thesis, 98 p.

A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska, 1985

Riehle, J. R., 1985, A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 26, n. 1-2, p. 37-74.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Preliminary Holocene tephrochronology of the upper Cook Inlet region of Alaska, 1983

Riehle, J. R., 1983, Preliminary Holocene tephrochronology of the upper Cook Inlet region of Alaska [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 15, n. 5, p. 331-332.

Magmatism and subduction in the eastern Aleutian Arc, 1983

Kienle, J., Swanson, S. E., and Pulpan, H., 1983, Magmatism and subduction in the eastern Aleutian Arc: in Shimozuru, D. and Yokoyama, I., (eds.), Arc volcanism: physics and tectonics, IAVCEI symposium, Proceedings, Tokyo and Hakone, Japan, Aug. 3l -Sept. 5, 1981, Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Co., p. 191-224.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Volcanism in the eastern Aleutian Arc: late Quaternary and Holocene centers, tectonic setting and petrology, 1983

Kienle, Juergen, and Swanson, S. E., 1983, Volcanism in the eastern Aleutian Arc: late Quaternary and Holocene centers, tectonic setting and petrology: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 17, n. 1-4, p. 393-432.

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Guidebook to permafrost and Quaternary geology along the Richardson and Glenn Highways between Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska, 1983

Pewe, T.L., and Reger, R.D., 1983, Guidebook to Permafrost and Quaternary Geology along the Richardson and Glenn Highways between Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Guidebook 1, 263 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. doi:10.14509/263

link to publication on DGGS website

Volcanoes of the world, 1981

Simkin, Tom, Siebert, Lee, McClelland, Lindsay, Bridge, David, Newhall, Christopher, and Latter, J. H., 1981, Volcanoes of the world: Stroudsburg, PA, Hutchinson Publishing Company, 233 p.

"New" volcanoes in the Aleutian volcanic arc, 1976

Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Map showing geology, wildcat wells, Tertiary plant fossil localities, K-Ar age dates, and petroleum operations, Cook Inlet area, Alaska, 1976

Magoon, L.B., Adkison, W.L., and Egbert, R.M., 1976, Map showing geology, wildcat wells, Tertiary plant fossil localities, K-Ar age dates, and petroleum operations, Cook Inlet area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1019, 3 sheets.

Link to website with access to maps

Metalliferous lode deposits of Alaska, 1967

Berg, H. C., and Cobb, E. H., 1967, Metalliferous lode deposits of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1245, 254 p.

Geology and archaeology of the Yardang Flint Station, 1964

Reger, R.D., Pewe, T.L., Hadleigh-West, Frederick, and Skarland, Ivar, 1964, Geology and archaeology of the Yardang Flint Station: University of Alaska Anthropological Papers 12, p. 92-100.

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