Augustine Rocky Point Debris Avalanche

Start: 300 yBP [1]

Stop: 1812 [1]

Event Type: Not an eruption

Event Characteristics:
  • Debris-avalanche, volcanic avalanche, or landslide [1] [2] [3] [4]

Description: From Waitt and Beget (1996): "Between about 350 yr B.P. (after tephra layer B) and historic time, three separate debris avalanches swept to the sea on the west-northwest, north-northwest, and northflanks. One of them (West Island} was large and fast, most of it having rode to sea beyond a sea cliff cut back into older deposits."
"West of Burr Point, a diamict forms a sharp point of land (Rocky Point). The deposit has a sharply hummocky topography with a relief of 40 m and local slopes as steep as 35 degrees and comprises angular andesite boulders at least as large as 5 m. At low tide this debris forms bouldery islands (unit ob) as far as 1.5 km offshore that have been winnowed and beveled to bouldery shoals."
"Capping the coarse diamict in upward succession is weakly oxidized soil horizon 20 cm thick, an organic layer, a gray silt ash (1883 eruption?), and a distinctive white silt ash from the 1912 Katmai eruption. The irregular, curving sea-cliff line is roughly similar to that at West Island. The sharp morphology of the hummocks and that it has but one ash layer beneath the Katmai ash makes this deposit is both geomorphically and stratigraphically younger than the West Island debris-avalanche deposit."
"During this prehistoric period numerous domes must have been emplaced at the summit, repeatedly renewing the source for catastrophic debris avalanches. Remnants of these older domes form the east and south sides of the present summit-dome complex. Below the summit area at least three domes were emplaced on the upper flanks, one on the south (Karnishak dome), two on the northwest (domes "I" and "H"). Another undated and nearly buried dome or lava flow diversifies the upper south flank."

References Cited

[1] Provisional geologic map of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 1996

Waitt, R. B., and Beget, J. E., 1996, Provisional geologic map of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-0516, 44 p., 1 plate, scale 1:25,000.
full-text PDF 2.6 MB
map sheet 295 MB!

[2] Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 1998

Waythomas, C. F., and Waitt, R. B., 1998, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0106, 39 p., 1 plate, scale unknown.
full-text PDF 2.08 MB
map sheet plate 3.14 MB

[3] Cyclic formation of debris avalanches at Mount St Augustine volcano, 1992

Beget, J. E., and Kienle, J., 1992, Cyclic formation of debris avalanches at Mount St Augustine volcano: Nature, v. 356, n. 6371, p. 701-704.

[4] Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2009

Waitt, R.B., and Beget, J.E., 2009, Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1762, 78 p., 2 plates, scale 1:25,000, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1762/ .

Complete Eruption References

Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2009

Waitt, R.B., and Beget, J.E., 2009, Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1762, 78 p., 2 plates, scale 1:25,000, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1762/ .

Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 1998

Waythomas, C. F., and Waitt, R. B., 1998, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0106, 39 p., 1 plate, scale unknown.
full-text PDF 2.08 MB
map sheet plate 3.14 MB

Provisional geologic map of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 1996

Waitt, R. B., and Beget, J. E., 1996, Provisional geologic map of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-0516, 44 p., 1 plate, scale 1:25,000.
DJVU online format; requires free plugin
map in GIF format 21 KB
full-text PDF 2.6 MB
map sheet 295 MB!

Cyclic formation of debris avalanches at Mount St Augustine volcano, 1992

Beget, J. E., and Kienle, J., 1992, Cyclic formation of debris avalanches at Mount St Augustine volcano: Nature, v. 356, n. 6371, p. 701-704.
× Instrument data