Frosty
Frosty Eruption Timeline
Frosty
Spurr
Great Sitkin
Akutan
Aniakchak
Atka volcanic complex
Augustine
Cleveland
Dutton
Edgecumbe
Fisher
Gareloi
Great Sitkin
Griggs
Iliamna
Isanotski
Kanaga
Katmai
Little Sitkin
Mageik
Makushin
Martin
Novarupta
Pavlof
Redoubt
Semisopochnoi
Shishaldin
Snowy
Spurr
Takawangha
Tanaga
Trident
Ugashik-Peulik
Ukinrek Maars
Veniaminof
Westdahl
Wrangell
Adagdak
Addington volcanic field
Alagogshak
Amak
Amchixtam Chaxsxii
Amukta
Andrew Bay volcano
Basalt of Gertrude Creek
Behm Canal-Rudyerd Bay
Black Peak
Bobrof
Bogoslof
Buldir
Buzzard Creek
Camille Cone
Capital
Carlisle
Chagulak
Chiginagak
Churchill, Mt
Cone 3110
Cone 3601
Dana
Davidof
Denison
Devils Desk
Double Glacier
Douglas
Drum
Duncan Canal
Emmons Lake Volcanic Center
Espenberg
Folsoms Bluff
Fourpeaked
Frosty
Gas Rocks, the
Gilbert
Gordon
Gosling Cone
Hayes
Herbert
Imuruk Lake Volc Field
Ingakslugwat Hills
Ingenstrem Depression Volcanic Field
Ingrisarak Mtn
Iron Trig cone
Iskut-Unuk River cones
Jarvis
Jumbo Dome
Kagamil
Kaguyak
Kasatochi
Kejulik
Kialagvik
Kiska
Klawasi Group
Knob 1000
Kochilagok Hill
Koniuji
Kookooligit Mountains
Koyuk-Buckland volcanics
Kukak
Kupreanof
Lone basalt
Maclaren River volcanic field
Moffett
Monogenetic QT vents of WWVF
Morzhovoi
Nelson Island
Nunivak Island
Nushkolik Mountain volcanic field
Okmok
Pavlof Sister
Prindle Volcano
Rainbow River cone
Recheshnoi
Roundtop
Sanford
Seguam
Segula
Sergief
Skookum Creek
St. George volcanic field
St. Michael
St. Paul Island
Steller
Stepovak Bay 1
Stepovak Bay 2
Stepovak Bay 3
Stepovak Bay 4
Suemez Island
Table Top Mtn
Tanada Peak
Tanax̂ Angunax̂
Tlevak Strait
Togiak volcanics
Uliaga
Ungulungwak Hill-Ingrichuak Hill
Unnamed (near Ukinrek Maars)
Vsevidof
Western Cones
Wide Bay cone
Yantarni
Yunaska
Legend
✕
 | Red (Warning) |
| Orange (Watch) |
| Yellow (Advisory) |
| Green (Normal) |
| Uninstrumented |
| Community |
| Webcam |
 | Instrument |
| Earthquake Magnitude | |
|
0
7+
| |
| Earthquake Age | |
|
Last 2 Hours |
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Last 2 Days |
|
Last 1 Week |
Facts
- Official Name: Frosty Peak
- Seismically Monitored: No
- Color Code: UNASSIGNED
- Alert Level: UNASSIGNED
- Elevation: 1769m (5803ft)
- Latitude: 55.0673
- Longitude: -162.8354
- Smithsonian VNum: 312010
- Pronunciation:
-
Nearby Towns:
- Cold Bay 9 mi (15 km) NE
- King Cove 21 mi (33 km) SE
- False Pass 27 mi (44 km) SW
- Belkofski 32 mi (51 km) NE
- Pauloff Harbor 42 mi (68 km) SE
Distance from Anchorage: 633 mi (1019 km)
-
Subfeatures:
- Summit cone
- N caldera
- S caldera
Description
From Smithsonian Institution, online database, accessed December 8, 2003: "Frosty volcano, the youngest of two large volcanic structures of the Cold Bay volcanic complex, is the westernmost Holocene volcano of the Alaska Peninsula. The oldest products of the roughly 100 cu km Cold Bay complex, which lies SW of the village of Cold Bay, form the glacially dissected late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene Morzhovoi Volcanics at the southern end of the complex. Frosty Peak to the north is a symmetrical late-Pleistocene to Recent stratovolcano constructed within the southernmost of two coalescing craters. The western wall of the ice-filled northern crater is breached by a large valley glacier. The symmetrical summit cone rises about 600 m above the floor of the southern crater."Name Origin
Frosty Peak was named by W.H. Dall of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, in 1882 (Orth, 1971).
Current Activity
No new updates for Frosty volcano since November 14, 2016, 3:18 pm.
Recent Updates
Color Code Timeline
Reported Activity
Modern Eruptions
2 Event Date(s)
Past Activity Legend:
 |
Eruption |
 |
Questionable eruption |
 |
Non-eruptive activity |
Map Images
By:
Alaska Volcano Observatory
Topographic shaded relief map of Frosty (Cold Bay Volcanic Center), Alaska.
Topographic shaded relief map of Frosty (Cold Bay Volcanic Center), Alaska.
By:
Schaefer, J. R. G.
Alaska Peninsula volcanoes.
Alaska Peninsula volcanoes.
By:
Schaefer, Janet
Index map showing the location of Quaternary volcanoes on the Alaska peninsula.
Index map showing the location of Quaternary volcanoes on the Alaska peninsula.
Map References
Volcanoes of Alaska, 1998
Nye, C. J., Queen, Katherine, and McCarthy, A. M., 1998, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000, available at http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=7043 .
Revised geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, 1997
Wilson, F. H., Weber, F. R., Dochat, T. M., Miller, T. P., and Detterman, R. L., 1997, Revised geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-0866, 34 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.
Volcanoes of Alaska, 1995
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000.
Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska, 1993
March, G. D., 1993, Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public-Data File PDF 93-85, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,000,000.
Preliminary geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, 1992
Wilson, F. H., Miller, T. P., and Detterman, R. L., 1992, Preliminary geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-0545, 10 p., 1 plate, scale 1:250,000.
Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986
Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.
Reconnaissance geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska, 1978
McLean, H., Engelhardt, C. L., and Howell, D. G., 1978, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-0323, unpaged, 1 plate.
Geologic reconnaissance of Frosty Peak volcano and vicinity, Alaska, 1961
Waldron, H. H., 1961, Geologic reconnaissance of Frosty Peak volcano and vicinity, Alaska: in Investigations of Alaskan volcanoes, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1028-T, p. 677-708, 1 plate, scale 1:250,000.
full-text PDF 702 KB
plate 79 PDF 1.9 MB 
References
Proximity to active volcanoes enhances glacier velocity, 2024
Mallalieu, J., Barr, I.D., Spagnolo, M., Mullan, D.J., Symeonakis, E., Edwards, B.R., and Martin, M.D., 2024, Proximity to active volcanoes enhances glacier velocity: Communications Earth & Environment v. 5, 679. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01826-5
Full-text PDF 1.3 MB 
Supplementary data 80.5 MB Along-arc volcanism in the western and central Aleutian from 2015 to 2021 revealed by cloud-based InSAR processing, 2023
Wang, J., Lu, Z., Bekaert, D., Marshak, C., Govorcin, M., Sangha, S., Kennedy, J., and Gregg, P., 2023, Along-arc volcanism in the western and central Aleutian from 2015 to 2021 revealed by cloud-based InSAR processing: Geophysical Research Letters v. 50, no. 23, e2023GL106323. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106323
Full-text PDF 3.9 MB Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA), 2022
Cameron, C.E., Crass, S.W., and AVO Staff, eds, 2022, Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA): Alaska Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 20, https://doi.org/10.14509/geodiva, https://doi.org/10.14509/30901.
2016 Volcanic activity in Alaska - Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory, 2020
Cameron, C.E., Dixon, J.P., Waythomas, C.F., Iezzi, A.M., Wallace, K.L., McGimsey, R.G., and Bull, K.F., 2020, 2016 Volcanic activity in Alaska-Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5125, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205125.
Geochemistry of some Quaternary lavas from the Aleutian Arc and Mt. Wrangell, 2018
Nye, C.J., Beget, J.E., Layer, P.W., Mangan, M.T., McConnell, V.S., McGimsey, R.G., Miller, T.P., Moore, R.B., and Stelling, P.L., 2018, Geochemistry of some quaternary lavas from the Aleutian Arc and Mt. Wrangell: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Raw Data File 2018-1, 29 p. http://doi.org/10.14509/29843
2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment, 2018
Ewert, J.W., Diefenbach, A.K., and Ramsey, D.W., 2018, 2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5140, 40 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5140/sir20185140.pdf.
Alaska Volcano Observatory image database, 2016
Cameron, C.E., and Snedigar, S.F., 2016, Alaska Volcano Observatory image database: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 13, https://www.avo.alaska.edu/images/. https://doi.org/10.14509/29689.
Alaska Volcano Observatory image database, 2016
Cameron, C.E., and Snedigar, S.F., 2016, Alaska Volcano Observatory image database: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 13, https://www.avo.alaska.edu/images/. https://doi.org/10.14509/29689.
Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska, 2014
Cameron, C.E., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 153, 11 p., doi:10.14509/27357 .
Subduction controls of Hf and Nd isotopes in lavas of the Aleutian island arc, 2010
Yogodzinski, G.M., Vervoort, J.D., Brown, S.T., and Gerseny, M., 2010. Subduction controls of Hf and Nd isotopes in lavas of the Aleutian island arc: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 300, p. 226-238, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.035 .
Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world, 2009
Mastin, L.G., Guffanti, Marianne, Ewert, J.E., and Spiegel, Jessica, 2009, Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1133, v. 1.2, 25 p., available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1133/ .
System for ranking relative threats of U.S. volcanoes, 2007
Ewert, John, 2007, System for ranking relative threats of U.S. volcanoes: Natural Hazards Review, v. 8, n. 4, p. 112-124.
Along-strike trace element and isotopic variation in Aleutian Island arc basalt: subduction melts sediments and dehydrates serpentine, 2007
Singer, B.S., Jicha, B.R., Leeman, W.P., Rogers, N.W., Thirlwall, M.F., Ryan, Jeff, and Nicolaysen, K.E., 2007, Along-strike trace element and isotopic variation in Aleutian Island arc basalt: subduction melts sediments and dehydrates serpentine: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, n. B6, 26 p., doi: 10.1029/2006JB004897 .
An assessment of volcanic threat and monitoring capabilities in the United States: framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System NVEWS, 2005
Ewert, J.W., Guffanti, Marianne, and Murray, T.L., 2005, An assessment of volcanic threat and monitoring capabilities in the United States: framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System NVEWS: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1164, 62 p.
full-text PDF 2.90 MB 
Slab contributions in the Aleutian arc; a Hf isotopic perspective, 2005
Brown, S.T., Yogodzinski, G.M., Gerseny, M.G., and Vervoort, J.D., 2005, Slab contributions in the Aleutian arc; a Hf isotopic perspective [abs.]: in Abstracts of the 15th annual V.M. Goldschmidt conference, Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta, v. 69, n. 10 (supplementary), p. 635.
March-April 2002, 2004
Alaska Volcano Observatory, 2004, March-April 2002: Alaska Volcano Observatory Bimonthly Report, v. 14, n. 2, unpaged.
2001 volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory, 2004
McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C.A., and Girina, Olga, 2004: 2001 volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1453, 53 p.
full-text PDF on AVO's server 2.67 MB 
Volcanoes of the world: an illustrated catalog of Holocene volcanoes and their eruptions, 2003
Siebert, L., and Simkin, T., 2002-, Volcanoes of the world: an illustrated catalog of Holocene volcanoes and their eruptions: Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series GVP-3, http://volcano.si.edu/search_volcano.cfm, unpaged internet resource.
Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes, 2003
Cameron, C. E., Triplehorn, J. H., and Robar, C. L., 2003, Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication MP 131, 1 CD-ROM.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, 2001
Wilson, F. H., and Weber, F. R., 2001, Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: in Gough, L. P. and Wilson, F. H., (eds.), Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper PP 1633, p. 51-72.
full-text PDF 57 MB
full-text PDF 5.2 MB 
Sector-zoned augite megacrysts in Aleutian high alumina basalts: implications for the conditions of basalt crystallization and the generation of calc-alkaline series magmas, 1999
Brophy, J. G., Whittington, C. S., and Park, Y. R., 1999, Sector-zoned augite megacrysts in Aleutian high alumina basalts: implications for the conditions of basalt crystallization and the generation of calc-alkaline series magmas: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 135, n. 2, p. 277-290, 1 sheet, scale unknown.
Volcanoes of Alaska, 1998
Nye, C. J., Queen, Katherine, and McCarthy, A. M., 1998, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000, available at http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=7043 .
Quaternary stratigraphy and geomorphology of the Cold Bay region of the Alaska Peninsula: a basis for paleoenvironmental reconstruction (glacial deposits), 1997
Dochat, T. M., 1997, Quaternary stratigraphy and geomorphology of the Cold Bay region of the Alaska Peninsula: a basis for paleoenvironmental reconstruction (glacial deposits): The University of Wisconsin unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Madison, Wisconsin, 330 p.
Revised geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, 1997
Wilson, F. H., Weber, F. R., Dochat, T. M., Miller, T. P., and Detterman, R. L., 1997, Revised geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-0866, 34 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.
Sector-zoned augite in Aleutian high alumina basalt (HAB) lavas: implications for HAB crystallization and subsequent calc-alkaline fractionation conditions, 1997
Brophy, J. G., and Park, Y. R., 1997, Sector-zoned augite in Aleutian high alumina basalt (HAB) lavas: implications for HAB crystallization and subsequent calc-alkaline fractionation conditions: Eos, v. 78, n. 46, p. 795.
Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands selected photographs, 1997
Neal, Christina, and McGimsey, R. G., 1997, Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands selected photographs: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 0040, 1 CD-ROM.
Late Quaternary geomorphology and stratigraphy of the Cold Bay region of the Alaska Peninsula, 1996
Dochat, T. M., and Jordan, J. W., 1996, Late Quaternary geomorphology and stratigraphy of the Cold Bay region of the Alaska Peninsula [abs.]: in American Quaternary Association Conference, Program and Abstracts, v. 14, 1996, p. 161.
Late Quaternary glaciation of the Cold Bay region of the Alaska Peninsula, 1996
Dochat, T. M., and Mickelson, D. M., 1996, Late Quaternary glaciation of the Cold Bay region of the Alaska Peninsula [abs.]: Geological Society of America - Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, n. 7, p. 435.
Stratigraphic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, 1996
Detterman, R. L., Case, J. E., Miller, J. W., Wilson, F. H., and Yount, M. E., 1996, Stratigraphic framework of the Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1969-A, 74 p.
full-text PDF 2.7 MB 
Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Cold Bay, Alaska, 1995
Rice, W. A., and Hogan, E. V., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Cold Bay, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-0179, 37 p.
Volcanoes of Alaska, 1995
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000.
Overview of Quaternary glacial, volcanic, and tectonic interactions on the Alaska Peninsula, 1994
Wilson, F. H., 1994, Overview of Quaternary glacial, volcanic, and tectonic interactions on the Alaska Peninsula [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 26, n. 7, p. 137.
Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition], 1994
Simkin, Tom, and Siebert, Lee, 1994, Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition]: Tucson, Arizona, Geoscience Press, 349 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf
The geology, geochemistry and petrology of the recent magmatic phase of the central and western Aleutian Arc, 1994
Myers, J. D., 1994, The geology, geochemistry and petrology of the recent magmatic phase of the central and western Aleutian Arc: unpublished manuscript unpaged.
Age, character, and significance of Aleutian arc volcanism, 1994
Fournelle, J. H., Marsh, B. D., and Myers, J. D., 1994, Age, character, and significance of Aleutian arc volcanism: in Plafker, George and Berg, H. C., (eds.), The Geology of Alaska, Geological Society of America The Geology of North America Series v. G-1, p. 723-758.
Quaternary volcanism in the Alaska Peninsula and Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, 1994
Miller, T. P., and Richter, D. H., 1994, Quaternary volcanism in the Alaska Peninsula and Wrangell Mountains, Alaska: in Plafker, George, Jones, D. L., and Berg, H. C., (eds.), The Geology of Alaska, Geological Society of America The Geology of North America series v. G-1, p. 759-779.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Aleut dictionary, Unangam Tunudgusii, an unabridged lexicon of the Aleutian, Pribilof, and Commander Islands Aleut language, 1994
Bergsland, Knut, comp., 1994, Aleut dictionary, Unangam Tunudgusii, an unabridged lexicon of the Aleutian, Pribilof, and Commander Islands Aleut language: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center, 739 p.
Temperatures and H2O contents of low-MgO high-alumina basalts, 1993
Sisson, T. W., and Grove, T. L., 1993, Temperatures and H2O contents of low-MgO high-alumina basalts: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 113, p. 167-184.
Experimental investigations of the role of H2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism, 1993
Sisson, T. W., and Grove, T. L., 1993, Experimental investigations of the role of H2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 113, p. 143-166.
Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska, 1993
March, G. D., 1993, Holocene volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public-Data File PDF 93-85, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,000,000.
Preliminary geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, 1992
Wilson, F. H., Miller, T. P., and Detterman, R. L., 1992, Preliminary geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-0545, 10 p., 1 plate, scale 1:250,000.
Compositional gaps, critical crystallinity, and fractional crystallization in orogenic (calc-alkaline) magmatic systems, 1991
Brophy, J. G., 1991, Compositional gaps, critical crystallinity, and fractional crystallization in orogenic (calc-alkaline) magmatic systems: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 109, p. 173-182.
Field, geochemical, and experimental studies of aluminous arc magmas, 1991
Sisson, T. W., 1991, Field, geochemical, and experimental studies of aluminous arc magmas: Massachusetts Institute of Technology unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 267 p.
Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, 1990
Wood, C. A., and Kienle, Juergen, (eds.), 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf
The Cold Bay Volcanic Center, Aleutian volcanic arc, II: implications for fractionation and mixing mechanisms in calc-alkaline andesite genesis, 1987
Brophy, J. G., 1987, The Cold Bay Volcanic Center, Aleutian volcanic arc, II: implications for fractionation and mixing mechanisms in calc-alkaline andesite genesis: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 97, n. 3, p. 378-388.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Isotopic and incompatible element constraints on the genesis of island arc volcanics from Cold Bay and Amak Island, Aleutians, and implications for mantle structure: discussion and reply, 1986
Perfit, M. R., Kay, R. W., Morris, J. D., and Hart, S. R., 1986, Isotopic and incompatible element constraints on the genesis of island arc volcanics from Cold Bay and Amak Island, Aleutians, and implications for mantle structure: discussion and reply: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, n. 3, p. 477-487.
The Cold Bay volcanic center, Aleutian volcanic arc: 1, Implications for the origin of Hi-alumina arc basalt, 1986
Brophy, J. G., 1986, The Cold Bay volcanic center, Aleutian volcanic arc: 1, Implications for the origin of Hi-alumina arc basalt: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 93, n. 3, p. 368-380.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Spacial variations in trace element ratios in the Aleutian Arc, 1986
Kay, S. M., Kay, R. W., Romick, J. D., and Yogodzinski, G. M., 1986, Spacial variations in trace element ratios in the Aleutian Arc [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 18, n. 6, p. 651.
Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986
Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.
Isotopic studies of continental and marine sediments and igneous rocks of the Aleutian Island Arc, 1986
Goldstein, S.L., 1986, Isotopic studies of continental and marine sediments and igneous rocks of the Aleutian Island Arc: Columbia University Ph.D. dissertation, 357 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Nd and Sr isotopes in the Aleutians: multicomponent parenthood of island-arc magmas, 1986
von Drach, V., Marsh, B. D., and Wasserburg, G. J., 1986, Nd and Sr isotopes in the Aleutians: multicomponent parenthood of island-arc magmas: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 92, n. 1, p. 13-34.
Sediment incorporation in island-arc magmas: inferences from 10Be, 1986
Tera, Fouad, Brown, Louis, Morris, Julie, and Sacks, I.S., 1986, Sediment incorporation in island-arc magmas: inferences from 10Be: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, p. 535-550.
Late Quaternary glaciation of the Pavlof Bay and Port Moller areas, Alaska Peninsula, 1985
Weber, F. R., 1985, Late Quaternary glaciation of the Pavlof Bay and Port Moller areas, Alaska Peninsula: in Bartsch-Winkler, Susan, (ed.), The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: accomplishments during 1984, U.S. Geological Survey Circular C 0967, p. 42-44.
The chemistry and physics of Aleutian Arc volcanism the Cold Bay Volcanic Center, southwestern Alaska, 1984
Brophy, J. G., 1984, The chemistry and physics of Aleutian Arc volcanism the Cold Bay Volcanic Center, southwestern Alaska: The Johns Hopkins University Ph.D. dissertation, 422 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
The origin of hi-Al arc basalts at the Cold Bay volcanic center, SW Alaska, 1984
Brophy, J. G., and Marsh, B. D., 1984, The origin of hi-Al arc basalts at the Cold Bay volcanic center, SW Alaska [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 16, n. 6, p. 455.
Isotopic and incompatible element constraints on the genesis of island arc volcanics from Cold Bay and Amak Island, Aleutians, and implications for mantle structure, 1983
Morris, J. D., and Hart, S. R., 1983, Isotopic and incompatible element constraints on the genesis of island arc volcanics from Cold Bay and Amak Island, Aleutians, and implications for mantle structure: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, n. 11, p. 2015-2030.
Petrology and geochemistry of the Cold Bay volcanic center, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska, 1983
Brophy, J. G., and Marsh, B. D., 1983, Petrology and geochemistry of the Cold Bay volcanic center, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 15, n. 6, p. 534.
(super 10) Be in island-arc volcanoes and implications for subduction, 1982
Brown, Louis, Klein, Jeffrey, Middleton, Roy, Sacks, I. S., and Tera, Fouad, 1982, (super 10) Be in island-arc volcanoes and implications for subduction: Nature, v. 299, n. 5885, p. 718-720.
The Aleutians, 1982
Marsh, B. D., 1982, The Aleutians: in Thorpe, R. S., (ed.), Andesites: orogenic andesites and related rocks, Chichester, United Kingdom, John Wiley & Sons, p. 99-114.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Tectonic controls on tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmatism in the Aleutian arc, 1982
Kay, S. M., Kay, R. W., and Citron, G. P., 1982, Tectonic controls on tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmatism in the Aleutian arc: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, n. B5, p. 4051-4072.
Volcanoes of the world, 1981
Simkin, Tom, Siebert, Lee, McClelland, Lindsay, Bridge, David, Newhall, Christopher, and Latter, J. H., 1981, Volcanoes of the world: Stroudsburg, PA, Hutchinson Publishing Company, 233 p.
Geology of Amak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 1979
Marsh, B. D., and Leitz, R. E., 1979, Geology of Amak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 87, n. 6, p. 715-723.
Comprehensive tables giving physical data and thermal energy estimates for young igneous systems of the United States, 1978
Smith, R. L., Shaw, H. R., Luedke, R. G., and Russell, S. L., 1978, Comprehensive tables giving physical data and thermal energy estimates for young igneous systems of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-0925, p. 1-25.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf
Reconnaissance geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska, 1978
McLean, H., Engelhardt, C. L., and Howell, D. G., 1978, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-0323, unpaged, 1 plate.
Pb and Sr isotopes in volcanic rocks from the Aleutian Islands and Pribilof Islands, Alaska, 1978
Kay, R. W., Sun, S. S., and Lee-Hu, C. N., 1978, Pb and Sr isotopes in volcanic rocks from the Aleutian Islands and Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 263-274.
Geochemical constraints on the origin of Aleutian magmas, 1977
Kay, R. W., 1977, Geochemical constraints on the origin of Aleutian magmas: in Talwani, Manik and Pitman, W. C. III., (eds.), Island arcs, deep sea trenches and back-arc basins, American Geophysical Union Maurice Ewing Series 0001, p. 229-242.
Some Aleutian andesites: their nature and source, 1976
Marsh, B. D., 1976, Some Aleutian andesites: their nature and source: Journal of Geology, v. 84, n. 1, p. 27-45.
The late Quaternary history of Cold Bay, Alaska and its implications to the configuration of the Bering Land Bridge, 1973
Funk, J. M., 1973, The late Quaternary history of Cold Bay, Alaska and its implications to the configuration of the Bering Land Bridge [abs.]: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 5, n. 2, p. 162.
Geologic reconnaissance of Frosty Peak volcano and vicinity, Alaska, 1961
Waldron, H. H., 1961, Geologic reconnaissance of Frosty Peak volcano and vicinity, Alaska: in Investigations of Alaskan volcanoes, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1028-T, p. 677-708, 1 plate, scale 1:250,000.
full-text PDF 702 KB
plate 79 PDF 1.9 MB
Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands, 1958
Powers, H. A., 1958, Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands: in Williams, H., (ed.), Landscapes of Alaska, Los Angeles, CA, University of California Press, p. 61-75.
Aleutian volcanoes, 1952
Jones, A. E., 1952, Aleutian volcanoes: The Volcano Letter, v. 516, p. 8-9.
full-text PDF 2.4 MB 
United States coast pilot, Alaska Part 2, Yakutat Bay to Arctic Ocean, 1947
U.S. Department of Commerce, and Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1947, United States coast pilot, Alaska Part 2, Yakutat Bay to Arctic Ocean: Washington DC, United States Government Printing Office, 659 p.
Documents sur les tremblements de terre et les phenomenes volcaniques des iles Aleutiennes, de la peninsule d'Aljaska et de la cote no. d'Amerique, Extrait des memoires de l'Academie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon, 1865, 1866
Perrey, Alexis, 1866, Documents sur les tremblements de terre et les phenomenes volcaniques des iles Aleutiennes, de la peninsule d'Aljaska et de la cote no. d'Amerique, Extrait des memoires de l'Academie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon, 1865: Dijon, J.E. Rabutut, 131 p.
Past volcanic activity in the Aleutian arc,
Coats, R. R., Past volcanic activity in the Aleutian arc: U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Investigations Report 1, 18 p.
full-text PDF 22.3 MB 
Before an eruption
Ashfall & Preparedness Information
- Ashfall impacts & preparedness (US Geological Survey)
- Volcanic health hazards & impacts (International Volcanic Health Hazards Network)
- Ash Alert! Pamphlet (AK Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management)
- Volcanic Ashfall (AK Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Air Quality)
During and After an Eruption
Ash Forecasting
Mathematical models developed by the USGS forecast various aspects of how a volcanic ash plume will interact with wind—where, how high, and how fast ash particles will be transported in the atmosphere, as well as where ash will fall out and accumulate on the ground. AVO runs these models when a volcano is restless by assuming a reasonable hypothetical eruption, to provide a pre-eruptive forecast of areas likely to be affected. During an ongoing eruption, AVO will update the forecast with actual observations (eruption start time and duration, plume height) as they become available.
View the current airborne ash cloud models for Frosty
Ashfall thickness forecast
The Ash3d model was developed by the USGS to forecast how a volcanic ash plume will interact with wind and where ash will fall out and accumulate on the ground. AVO runs these models twice daily when a volcano is restless by assuming a reasonable hypothetical eruption altitude and duration. The map shows the model results of ashfall thickness for areas that are likely to be affected, if one were to occur. During an ongoing eruption, AVO will update the forecast with actual observations (eruption start time and duration, plume height) as they become available, and these plots will be automatically updated. The National Weather Service Anchorage Forecast Office will issue the official ashfall warning product and post them at weather.gov/afc
THESE PRODUCTS MAY NOT BE CURRENT.During an actual eruption, see National Weather Service forecasts of ashfall:https://weather.gov/afc.
Ashfall Forecast
Ashfall Start Time
This map shows the modeled estimate of the time it would take for ashfall to begin following an eruption. It corresponds to the ashfall thickness forecast map shown above. This map uses the start time of either the twice-daily hypothetical model runs (time shown in the legend) or the actual eruption start time (if one were to occur). In the case of an actual eruption, the National Weather Service Anchorage Forecast Office will issue the official ashfall warning product that includes the ashfall start time and post them at weather.gov/afc
THESE PRODUCTS MAY NOT BE CURRENT.During an actual eruption, see National Weather Service forecasts of ashfall:https://weather.gov/afc.