Ingrisarak Mtn

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Facts


  • Official Name: Ingrisarak Mountain
  • Seismically Monitored: No
  • Color Code: UNASSIGNED
  • Alert Level: UNASSIGNED
  • Elevation: 111m (364ft)
  • Latitude: 61.51527
  • Longitude: -165.25638
  • Smithsonian VNum:
  • Nearby Towns:
    • Chevak 11 mi (18 km) NW
    • Paimiut 23 mi (37 km) NW
    • Scammon Bay 25 mi (40 km) NW
    • Hooper Bay 28 mi (45 km) NW
    • Newtok 45 mi (72 km) SE

    Distance from Anchorage: 508 mi (817 km)

Description

From Wood and Kienle (1990) [1] : "Ingrisarak Mountain is a volcanic vent, composed entirely of red and black basalt scoria. It is 10 x 11 km in size." From Hoare and Condon, 1968 [2] : "Basalt (Qb) forms Ingrisarak Mountain, a volcanic vent, and also crops out near the eastern edge of the quadrangle on the flank of a similar vent in the adjoining Marshall quadrangle. Red and black fragments of basalt scoria are widespread in both areas, but no rock was found in place. The fragments have not moved far; they are angular, unweathered, and commonly show ropy flow features. The basalt consists of scattered phenocrysts of pyroxene and olivine in a fine-grained matrix. The basalt is assigned a Quaternary age because it is very fresh appearing and because the volcanic vents, although modified, are still physiographically expressed. Paleomagnetic measurements on oriented specimens from similar volcanic vents in the adjoning Marshall and Kwiguk quadrangles show that the basalt is normally magnetized. The physiographic expression and normal magnetic polarity suggests that the basalt was extruded during the latest (Brunhes) normal polarity epoch [3] [4] . Recent studies [5] [6] indicate that the Brunhes epoch began about 0.7 million years ago."

Name Origin

"Ingrisarak Mountain" is a Yup'ik name reported in 1951 by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (Orth, 1971).


References Cited

[1] Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, 1990

Wood, C. A., and Kienle, Juergen, (eds.), 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p.

[2] Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Alaska, 1968

Hoare, J. M., and Condon, W. H., 1968, Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 0523, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.

[3] Geomagnetic polarity epochs-Sierra Nevada II, 1964

Cox, A., Doell, R.R., and Dalyrmple, G.B., 1964, Geomagnetci polarity epochs-Sierra Nevada II: Science, v. 143, p. 351-352.

[4] Quaternary paleomagnetic stratigraphy, 1965

Cox, A., Doell, R.R., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1965, Quaternary paleomagnetic stratigraphy, p. 817-839 in Wright, H.E., Jr., and Frey, D.G., eds., The Quaternary of the United States-A Review Volume for the VII Congress of the International Association for Quaternary Research: Princeton, New Jersy, Princeton University Press, 922 p.

[5] Potassium-argon age and paleomagnetism of the Bishop Tuff, California, 1965

Dalrymple, G.B., Cox, A., Doell, R.R. and Gromme, C.S., 1965, Potassium-argon age and paleomagnetism of the Bishop Tuff, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, n. 6, p. 665-673.

[6] Geomagnetic polarity epochs-Sierra Nevada data 3, 1966

Doell, R.R., Dalrymple, G.B., and Cox, A., 1966, Geomagnetic polarity epochs-Sierra Nevada data 3: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 71, p. 531-541.

Reported Activity

Modern Eruptions

Ugashik-Peulik

Ugashik-Peulik Eruption Timeline

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From Kisslinger (1983), translating Doroshin (1870): "At the time of the Russian advent to these parts it emitted flame. Around 1814 its summit collapsed with a rumble, covering the base with enormous boulders. For about a week after this event, vapor rose from almost the entire surface of the mountain." Miller (2004) qualifies this report, stating: "Because Mount Peulik is separated from other prominent active volcanic edifices in the region [see fig. 1 in original text], these reports [of activity in 1814 and 1852] are credible and may represent the most recent eruptions at the center."

From Kisslinger (1983), translating Doroshin (1870): "In the summer of 1852, I proceeded from here on a southwesterly course along the eastern coast of the Alaskan Peninsula. At approximately 57 degrees 31 minutes latitude, 155 degrees 55 minutes longitude, I saw rising from behind a mountain the crater of Mt. Peulik. * * * I saw only smoke, coming from the south side of the crater. There are petroleum sources nearby. When portaging from Lake Iz'iagyk to the lake from which the Ugashik River flows [i.e., Upper Ugashik Lake], one must pass near this volcano. I would like to suggest that Mt. Peulik is identical with the mountain that is called 'Bocharov' on maps." Miller (2004) qualifies this report, stating: "Because Mount Peulik is separated from other prominent active volcanic edifices in the region [see fig. 1 in original text], these reports [of activity in 1814 and 1852] are credible and may represent the most recent eruptions at the center."

Peulik 2013/6

June 18, 2013 — July 12, 2013

From Dixon and others (2015): "On June 18, AVO received a pilot report of 'smoke or steaming emerging from Mount Peulik,' but no anomalous activity was noted at the time of the report. On August 12, AVO received a second observation of unusual activity from a long-time guide in the area, reporting 'sulfur smell and lack of fish.' No similar reports were received and AVO did not investigate further."

From Dixon and others, 2017: "On March 26 a ML=4.1 earthquake and aftershocks occurred close to the west shore of Becharof Lake in the same area as the 1998 Becharof swarm (McGimsey and others, 1999), 35 km (19 mi) west-northwest of Ukinrek Maars and 47 km (25 mi) west-northwest of Peulik. The earthquake series was short-lived as 17 earthquakes, 10 greater than ML=2.0, occurred within a 10-hour period, including the ML=4.1 and a ML=3.0 earthquake both of which occurred within the first 2 hours. These earthquakes formed a narrow east-west cluster 19 km (10 mi) in length at a depth of 7-9 km (3.7-4.9 mi). Nine additional earthquakes occurred in the same location in 2015-two in early March, five in mid-April, and two in late summer. The largest of these was a ML=3.2 on April 21, 2015.
"On July 15, an Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) biologist reported that the water in Hot Springs Creek, flowing from Ugashik caldera into Ugashik Creek was 'frothy and orange.' The biologist also reported that salmon were not entering the stream where Ugashik Creek flows into Ugashik Lake as in past years (fig. 9 [original text]). Two days after the report, two water samples were collected from Hot Springs Creek at locations shown in figure 9 [original text]. Analysis (table7 [original text]) showed a pH (5.76 and 5.52) similar to previous water samples collected in June 2004 (pH=5.71) by Evans and other (2009) in a similar location. An aerial survey of the creek from the caldera to Upper Ugashik Lake detected no orange discoloration of the stream beyond the caldera. Outside the caldera, the stream was not running clear, but appeared heavily laden with sediment, rather than tinted orange as with waters inside the caldera. No unusual activity was observed and the discoloration likely was caused by a period of high runoff that intermixed the thermal waters with the clearer water in the stream causing a temporary flow of anomalously colored water
that delayed the reported movement of salmon upstream by ADF&G biologists. No volcanic unrest was apparent."

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Peulik 1814

Peulik 1852

Peulik 2013/6

Ugashik-Peulik 2015

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Past Activity Legend:
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Map Images


Map References


Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986

Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Alaska, 1968

Hoare, J. M., and Condon, W. H., 1968, Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 0523, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.

References

Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA), 2022

Cameron, C.E., Crass, S.W., and AVO Staff, eds, 2022, Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA): Alaska Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 20, https://doi.org/10.14509/geodiva, https://doi.org/10.14509/30901.

Alaska Volcano Observatory image database, 2016

Cameron, C.E., and Snedigar, S.F., 2016, Alaska Volcano Observatory image database: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 13, https://www.avo.alaska.edu/images/. https://doi.org/10.14509/29689.

Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska, 2014

Cameron, C.E., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 153, 11 p., doi:10.14509/27357 .

Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes, 2003

Cameron, C. E., Triplehorn, J. H., and Robar, C. L., 2003, Bibliography of information on Alaska volcanoes: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication MP 131, 1 CD-ROM.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet

Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, 1990

Wood, C. A., and Kienle, Juergen, (eds.), 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska, 1986

Luedke, R. G., and Smith, R. L., 1986, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of Late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 1091-F, unpaged, 3 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

Comprehensive tables giving physical data and thermal energy estimates for young igneous systems of the United States, 1978

Smith, R. L., Shaw, H. R., Luedke, R. G., and Russell, S. L., 1978, Comprehensive tables giving physical data and thermal energy estimates for young igneous systems of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-0925, p. 1-25.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf

Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Alaska, 1968

Hoare, J. M., and Condon, W. H., 1968, Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I 0523, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.