Sanford

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Facts


  • Official Name: Mount Sanford
  • Seismically Monitored: No
  • Color Code: UNASSIGNED
  • Alert Level: UNASSIGNED
  • Elevation: 4949m (16236ft)
  • Latitude: 62.2133
  • Longitude: -144.1295
  • Smithsonian VNum: 315010
  • Pronunciation:
  • Nearby Towns:
    • Chistochina 30 mi (48 km) NW
    • Slana 35 mi (56 km) NE
    • Gakona 38 mi (61 km) NW
    • Gulkana 41 mi (65 km) NW
    • Copper Center 42 mi (68 km) SW

    Distance from Anchorage: 201 mi (323 km)

Description

From Wood and Kienle (1990) [1] : "Mount Sanford, a very large dissected shield with an impressive bulbous top, is the highest volcano in the Wrangell volcanic field. Most of the upper part (>2,500 m) is covered by perennial snow and ice, making study and observation difficult. The principal "window" through the ice cap is the great amphitheater at the head of the Sanford Glacier which rises more than 2,400 m in less than 1,500 m. Data from unpublished geologic mapping around the volcano's base, and fly-by observations of the great amphitheater and other cirques, indicate that the upper part of Mount Sanford is a young feature, * * * that developed on a base of at least three coalescing andesitic shield volcanoes, referred to as the north, west, and south Sanford eruptive centers. The centers may contain shallow dacite and andesite intrusives, dike complexes, vent deposits, and may be the locus of linear rift vents; all centers are marked by topographic highs."

Name Origin

Mount Sanford was named in 1885 by Lieutenant Allen, for the Sanford family; his great-grandfather was Reuben Sanford (Orth, 1971).


References Cited

[1] Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, 1990

Wood, C. A., and Kienle, Juergen, (eds.), 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: New York, Cambridge University Press, 354 p.

Current Activity

No new updates for Sanford volcano since March 20, 2009, 12:06 pm.

Color Code Timeline

Reported Activity

Modern Eruptions

Sanford

Sanford Eruption Timeline

Sanford 1981/4

April 11, 1981

An Associated Press story carried by both the LA Times and the New York times reported that a huge rockslide on Mt. Sanford on April 11, 1981, had been previously mistaken for a volcanic eruption. The text of the story (Associated Press, 1981) is as follows: "A huge landslide on Mount Sanford was mistaken for a volcanic eruption by nearby residents and airline pilots passing overhead yesterday, a University of Alaska scientist says. The slide on the mountain's sheer south face exposed layers of old, loose ash that strong updrafts pushed into a huge plume-shaped cloud, Carl Benson, a member of the university's Geophysical Institute, said after flying over the 16,237-foot peak yesterday. The landslide occurred in a sparsely populated area, and there were no reports of injury or damage."

Sanford 1993/4

April 5, 1993 — April 8, 1993

From Neal and others (1996): "Ground observers in Glennallen reported unusual white cloud formations over Mount Sanford on April 5 and 6, 1993. Another report on April 8, 1993, indicated that the mountain 'was steaming' from low on the east or south side (there were conflicting reports) and the resultant cloud was boiling up the flank to an estimated 5,000 ft (1,524 m) over the top of the peak. This level of apparent activity was more than this observer had noted in 21 years of viewing the volcano. Given the history of rock and ice falls from the shear south flank of the mountain and the fact that the phenomenon was short lived, AVO concluded that the observations were probably related to a large avalanche(s) or to unusual orographically induced weather clouds. No mention of the event was made in the AVO weekly update."

Sanford 1994/9

September 30, 1994

From Neal and others (1995): "On September 30, [1994], the National Weather Service (NWS) contacted AVO with a pilot report of a steam plume over Mount Sanford. AVO contacted the local flight service station in Gulkana and discussed the observation. Given the clear weather conditions at the time, the transience of the plume, and the history of large gravity slides at Mount Sanford, it was concluded that the observation was probably related to a large avalanche. No mention of this event was made in the AVO weekly update on volcanic activity in Alaska."

Sanford 1997/9

September 30, 1997

From McGimsey and Wallace (1999): "A Copper Center resident reported a large steam cloud rising from the southwest face of Mt. Sanford on September 30, 1997. The cloud persisted throughout the afternoon before dissipating. Based on previous similar activity, AVO staff concluded that the cloud resulted from avalanching or debris fall from the southwest face."

Sanford 2009/3

March 18, 2009 — March 19, 2009

From McGimsey and others (2014): "On March 18 and 19, 2009, local Copper River Basin residents observed a large, unusual cloud emanating from the summit of Mount Sanford volcano (figs. 2-4). AVO was alerted on March 19 because the cloud had persisted for more than 24 hours and some residents were concerned that the cloud indicated volcanic activity. The cloud was reported to extend for more than 50 km (30 mi). The plume was visible March 19 on a webcam located at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility, 29 km (18 mi) north of Glennallen, Alaska, but the view was 'all clear' at Sanford from this camera on March 20. From the vantage point of most residents of the Copper River Basin, this cloud appeared to be a feature unique to Sanford; however, AVO remote sensing specialists examining satellite images of the region reported that this was one of several orographic clouds streaming off the higher mountain peaks in the area. AVO issued an Information Statement on March 20 to report and explain the observations."

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Sanford 2010/3

March 15, 2010 — October 20, 2010

From Neal and others (2014): "On March 23, a consulting geologist working in the area reported seeing a 'good size plume' from Sanford on 2 night. A number of Copper River Valley residents shared photographs of Sanford from March 15 when a dramatic looking plume emated from the southern flank and summit of the volcano.
"A similar cloud was reported on October 20 by Pete Dalton, District Ranger for the National Park Service, stationed at the Gulkana Airport. According to Pete Dalton, the plume rose about 2000 to 3000 ft above the summit. AVO received multiple calls regarding the October 20 plume, which appeared to originate from several points on the near-vertical, rocky southern face of the volcano. A towering vapor cloud emanating from the steep rocky face of this volcano has been reported before (McGimsey and others, 1999) and may be related to rock and ice-fall activity, solar warming of the rock and ice face, or a combination of processes. No features related to volcanic heat sources have been documented on Mount Sanford; however, no comprehensive thermal survey has been done."

Sanford 1981/4

Sanford 1993/4

Sanford 1994/9

Sanford 1997/9

Sanford 2009/3

Sanford 2010/3

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6 Event Date(s)

Past Activity Legend:
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Questionable eruption
Non-eruptive activity


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Ash Forecasting

Mathematical models developed by the USGS forecast various aspects of how a volcanic ash plume will interact with wind—where, how high, and how fast ash particles will be transported in the atmosphere, as well as where ash will fall out and accumulate on the ground. AVO runs these models when a volcano is restless by assuming a reasonable hypothetical eruption, to provide a pre-eruptive forecast of areas likely to be affected. During an ongoing eruption, AVO will update the forecast with actual observations (eruption start time and duration, plume height) as they become available.

View the current airborne ash cloud models for Sanford

Ashfall thickness forecast

The Ash3d model was developed by the USGS to forecast how a volcanic ash plume will interact with wind and where ash will fall out and accumulate on the ground. AVO runs these models twice daily when a volcano is restless by assuming a reasonable hypothetical eruption altitude and duration. The map shows the model results of ashfall thickness for areas that are likely to be affected, if one were to occur. During an ongoing eruption, AVO will update the forecast with actual observations (eruption start time and duration, plume height) as they become available, and these plots will be automatically updated. The National Weather Service Anchorage Forecast Office will issue the official ashfall warning product and post them at weather.gov/afc

THESE PRODUCTS MAY NOT BE CURRENT.

During an actual eruption, see National Weather Service forecasts of ashfall:https://weather.gov/afc.

Ashfall Forecast

Click on the X on the graphic (upper right) to expand the map to show the map legend.

Ashfall Start Time

This map shows the modeled estimate of the time it would take for ashfall to begin following an eruption. It corresponds to the ashfall thickness forecast map shown above. This map uses the start time of either the twice-daily hypothetical model runs (time shown in the legend) or the actual eruption start time (if one were to occur). In the case of an actual eruption, the National Weather Service Anchorage Forecast Office will issue the official ashfall warning product that includes the ashfall start time and post them at weather.gov/afc

THESE PRODUCTS MAY NOT BE CURRENT.

During an actual eruption, see National Weather Service forecasts of ashfall:https://weather.gov/afc.

Ashfall Start Times Forecast

Click on the X on the graphic (upper right) to expand the map to show the map legend.
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