Makushin 1769
Start: 1769 [1]
Stop: 1769 [1]
Event Type: Explosive
Max VEI: 3 [2]
- Tephra plume [9]
Description: Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) writes that Krenitsyn reported "two volcanoes active on Unalaska" in 1768. He also writes that there are two fire-belching mountains on Unalaska in 1768-69. Although one of these volcanoes is certainly Makushin, the "other" volcano's name and location are unknown. There is some discrepancy about the duration of this eruption. Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) mentions only Krenitsyn's account in 1768 and that Cook in 1778 reported the island inactive. However, McGimsey and Miller (1995), and Miller and others (1998) report the dates of this eruption as from 1768-1779; Powers (1958), Jacob and Hauksson (1983), Simkin and Siebert (1994), and Beget and others (2000) report the dates as 1768-1769. Powers (1958) also specifies that this was an ash eruption; many subsequent compilers state that this was a violent ash eruption, or a major eruption.
References Cited
[1] Grewingk's geology of Alaska and the Northwest Coast of America [edited by Marvin W. Falk, translation by Fritz Jaensch published 2003], 1850
Grewingk, Constantine, 1850, Grewingk's geology of Alaska and the Northwest Coast of America [edited by Marvin W. Falk, translation by Fritz Jaensch published 2003]: Rasmuson Library Historical Translation Series 11, Fairbanks, AK, The University of Alaska Press, 242 p.[2] Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition], 1994
Simkin, Tom, and Siebert, Lee, 1994, Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition]: Tucson, Arizona, Geoscience Press, 349 p.[3] Reconnaissance of the gold fields of southern Alaska with some notes on general geology, 1898
Becker, G. F., 1898, Reconnaissance of the gold fields of southern Alaska with some notes on general geology: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 0018, p. 1-86, 6 sheets, scale unknown.
full-text PDF 1.5 MB [4] Evolution of Bogoslof volcano, 1931
Jaggar, T. A., 1931, Evolution of Bogoslof volcano: The Volcano Letter, v. 322, p. 1-3.
full-text PDF 771 KB [5] Current activity of Aleutian volcanoes, 1953
Powers, H. A., 1953, Current activity of Aleutian volcanoes: The Volcano Letter, v. 522, p. 6.
full-text PDF 397 KB [6] The first ascent of the Volcano Makushin, 1884
Davidson, G., 1884, The first ascent of the Volcano Makushin: Appalachia, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-11.[7] Reported volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Puget Sound, etc., 1690-1896, 1898
Plummer, F. G., 1898, Reported volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Puget Sound, etc., 1690-1896: in Holden, E. S., (ed.), A Catalogue of Earthquakes on the Pacific Coast 1769-1897, Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections 1087, City of Washington D.C., Smithsonian Institution, p. 24-27.[8] Katalog der geschichtlichen vulkanausbruche, 1917
Sapper, Karl, 1917, Katalog der geschichtlichen vulkanausbruche: Strassburg, Germany, Karl J. Trubner, 358 p.[9] Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands, 1958
Powers, H. A., 1958, Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands: in Williams, H., (ed.), Landscapes of Alaska, Los Angeles, CA, University of California Press, p. 61-75.Complete Eruption References
Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition], 1994
Simkin, Tom, and Siebert, Lee, 1994, Volcanoes of the world [2nd edition]: Tucson, Arizona, Geoscience Press, 349 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf
Reconnaissance of the gold fields of southern Alaska with some notes on general geology, 1898
Becker, G. F., 1898, Reconnaissance of the gold fields of southern Alaska with some notes on general geology: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 0018, p. 1-86, 6 sheets, scale unknown.
full-text PDF 1.5 MB 
Evolution of Bogoslof volcano, 1931
Jaggar, T. A., 1931, Evolution of Bogoslof volcano: The Volcano Letter, v. 322, p. 1-3.
full-text PDF 771 KB 
The first ascent of the Volcano Makushin, 1884
Davidson, G., 1884, The first ascent of the Volcano Makushin: Appalachia, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-11.
Grewingk's geology of Alaska and the Northwest Coast of America [edited by Marvin W. Falk, translation by Fritz Jaensch published 2003], 1850
Grewingk, Constantine, 1850, Grewingk's geology of Alaska and the Northwest Coast of America [edited by Marvin W. Falk, translation by Fritz Jaensch published 2003]: Rasmuson Library Historical Translation Series 11, Fairbanks, AK, The University of Alaska Press, 242 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC shelf
Quick reference to Alaska's active volcanoes and listing of historical eruptions, 1760-1994, 1995
McGimsey, R. G., and Miller, T. P., 1995, Quick reference to Alaska's active volcanoes and listing of historical eruptions, 1760-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-0520, 13 p.
Hard Copy held by AVO at FBKS - CEC file cabinet
Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska, 1998
Miller, T. P., McGimsey, R. G., Richter, D. H., Riehle, J. R., Nye, C. J., Yount, M. E., and Dumoulin, J. A., 1998, Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0582, 104 p.
intro and TOC PDF 268 KB
references PDF 43 KB 
Reported volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Puget Sound, etc., 1690-1896, 1898
Plummer, F. G., 1898, Reported volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Puget Sound, etc., 1690-1896: in Holden, E. S., (ed.), A Catalogue of Earthquakes on the Pacific Coast 1769-1897, Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections 1087, City of Washington D.C., Smithsonian Institution, p. 24-27.
Current activity of Aleutian volcanoes, 1953
Powers, H. A., 1953, Current activity of Aleutian volcanoes: The Volcano Letter, v. 522, p. 6.
full-text PDF 397 KB 
Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Makushin Volcano, Alaska, 2000
Beget, J. E., Nye, C. J., and Bean, K. W., 2000, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Makushin Volcano, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2000-4, 22 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000.
full-text PDF .87 MB
map sheet plate 7.68 MB 
A seismotectonic analysis of the seismic and volcanic hazards in the Pribilof Islands - Eastern Aleutian Islands Region of the Bering Sea, 1983
Jacob, K. H., and Hauksson, Egill, 1983, A seismotectonic analysis of the seismic and volcanic hazards in the Pribilof Islands - Eastern Aleutian Islands Region of the Bering Sea: Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University Annual Report NOAA 03--5-022-70, New York, 224 p.
Volcanic activity in the Aleutian Arc, 1950
Coats, R. R., 1950, Volcanic activity in the Aleutian Arc: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 0974-B, p. 35-49, 1 sheet, scale 1:5,000,000.
plate 1 PDF 819 KB
full-text PDF 783 KB 
Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands, 1958
Powers, H. A., 1958, Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands: in Williams, H., (ed.), Landscapes of Alaska, Los Angeles, CA, University of California Press, p. 61-75.
Katalog der geschichtlichen vulkanausbruche, 1917
Sapper, Karl, 1917, Katalog der geschichtlichen vulkanausbruche: Strassburg, Germany, Karl J. Trubner, 358 p.
