ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY WEEKLY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Friday, June 5, 2020, 1:02 PM AKDT (Friday, June 5, 2020, 21:02 UTC)

CLEVELAND VOLCANO (VNUM #311240)
52°49'20" N 169°56'42" W, Summit Elevation 5676 ft (1730 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE

Activity renewed at Cleveland Volcano this week. Regional infrasound sensors recorded an explosion Monday night at about 06:32 UTC June 2 (10:32 PM AKDT June 1). A small ash cloud was observed at 22,000 ft asl drifting to the south. The eruption blew out the January 2019 dome and a large amount of material from summit crater. Volcanic debris flows also extended ~2.9 km (1.8 miles) down the eastern flank of the volcano and more than 2.7 km (1.7 miles) down the northern flank. Since the explosion, cloudy to partly cloudy satellite views have showed no significant volcanic activity, with no elevated surface temperatures and only a small steam plume. No activity has been detected on regional geophysical networks. Due to this increase in activity, the Alaska Volcano Observatory raised the Aviation Color Code for Cleveland Volcano to ORANGE and the Volcano Alert Level to WATCH on Monday, June 1.

Local seismic, infrasound, and web camera data have been unavailable due to an equipment failure in a remote facility. Nonetheless, monitoring of Cleveland continues with regional seismic and infrasound stations on nearby islands. These, along with lightning and satellite data, should allow AVO to detect future ash-producing eruptions.

Additional episodes of lava effusion and explosions could occur without advance warning. Explosions that have occurred over the last few years are normally short duration and only present a hazard to aviation in the immediate vicinity of the volcano. Larger explosions that present a more widespread hazard to aviation are possible, but less likely and/or frequent.

Cleveland volcano forms the western portion of Chuginadak Island, a remote and uninhabited island in the east central Aleutians. The volcano is located about 75 km (45 mi) west of the community of Nikolski, and 1500 km (940 mi) southwest of Anchorage. The most recent significant period of eruption began in February, 2001 and produced 3 explosive events that generated ash clouds as high as 39,000 ft above sea level. The 2001 eruption also produced a lava flow and hot avalanche that reached the sea. Since then, Cleveland has been intermittently active producing small lava flows, often followed by explosions that generate small ash clouds generally below 20,000 ft above sea level. These explosions also launch debris onto the slopes of the cone producing hot pyroclastic avalanches and lahars that sometimes reach the coastline.

SHISHALDIN VOLCANO (VNUM #311360)
54°45'19" N 163°58'16" W, Summit Elevation 9373 ft (2857 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW

Low-level unrest at Shishaldin Volcano has continued over the past week. Satellite and web camera observations of the volcano have been obscured by clouds for portions of the week, but clear views showed a small steam plume from the summit on three days this week and no elevated surface temperatures were observed. The level of seismic activity remains above background with nearly continuous, weak tremor and occasional low-frequency earthquakes occurring over the past week. No evidence of eruptive activity has been observed this week.

Although the current level of unrest at the volcano remains low, it is possible for activity to escalate at any time with little warning. Thus, ash emission, lava effusion and the possibility of lahars in the drainages extending from the volcano remain plausible outcomes of escalating unrest. Shishaldin is monitored by local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, web cameras, a telemetered geodetic and tilt network, and distant infrasound and lightning networks.

Shishaldin volcano, located near the center of Unimak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands, is a spectacular symmetric cone with a base diameter of approximately 16 km (10 mi). A 200-m-wide (660 ft) funnel-shaped summit crater typically emits a steam plume and occasional small amounts of ash. Shishaldin is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian volcanic arc, with at least 54 episodes of unrest including over 24 confirmed eruptions since 1775. Most eruptions are relatively small, although the April-May 1999 event generated an ash column that reached 45,000 ft above sea level.

SEMISOPOCHNOI VOLCANO (VNUM #311060)
51°55'44" N 179°35'52" E, Summit Elevation 2625 ft (800 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW

Unrest at Semisopochnoi volcano has continued over the past week. Seismicity remains above background with seismic tremor and occasional low-frequency earthquakes occurring over the past week. No eruptive activity was detected in seismic or regional infrasound data. A steam plume was observed in clear satellite views on June 2 and 3, and sulfur dioxide emissions were detected in satellite on June 1 and 3. It remains possible for conditions at the volcano to escalate and explosive activity could occur with minimal precursory unrest.

Semisopochnoi is monitored with a local seismic network and remotely by satellite, infrasound and lightning sensors.

Remote Semisopochnoi volcano occupies the largest, young volcanic island in the western Aleutians. The volcano is dominated by an 8-km (5-mile) diameter caldera that contains a small lake and a number of post-caldera cones and craters. The age of the caldera is not known with certainty but is likely early Holocene. The last known eruption of Semisopochnoi occurred in 1987, probably from Sugarloaf Peak on the south coast of the island, but details are lacking. Another prominent, young post-caldera landform is Mount Cerberus, a three-peaked cone cluster in the southwest part of the caldera. The island is uninhabited and part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. It is located 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Amchitka Island and 200 km (130 mi) west of Adak.

GREAT SITKIN VOLCANO (VNUM #311120)
52°4'35" N 176°6'39" W, Summit Elevation 5709 ft (1740 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW

Unrest at Great Sitkin Volcano has continued this week. Small earthquakes have continued to occur at a rate above the background level. Satellite and web camera views were obscured by clouds for most of the week, but clear views on June 2 and 3 showed minor steam emissions and one instance of elevated surface temperatures. There were no additional observations of outward unrest this week.

Great Sitkin volcano is monitored by local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, web cameras, and remote infrasound and lightning networks. Should conditions at the volcano change, this should be apparent in these data streams and AVO will respond accordingly.

Great Sitkin Volcano is a basaltic andesite volcano that occupies most of the northern half of Great Sitkin Island, a member of the Andreanof Islands group in the central Aleutian Islands. It is located 43 km (26 miles) east of the community of Adak. The volcano is a composite structure consisting of an older decapitated volcano and a younger parasitic cone with a 2-3 km diameter summit crater. A steep-sided lava dome, emplaced during an eruption in 1974, occupies the center of the crater. Great Sitkin erupted at least three times in the 20th century, most recently in 1974. That eruption produced a lava dome and at least one ash cloud that likely exceeded an altitude of 25,000 ft above sea level. A poorly documented eruption occurred in 1945, also producing a lava dome that was partially destroyed in the 1974 eruption. Within the past 280 years a large explosive eruption produced pyroclastic flows that partially filled the Glacier Creek valley on the southwest flank.

OTHER ALASKA VOLCANOES

Information on all Alaska volcanoes is available at : http://www.avo.alaska.edu.

For definitions of Aviation Color Codes and Volcano Alert Levels, see: http://www.avo.alaska.edu/color_codes.php

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CONTACT INFORMATION:

Michelle Coombs, Scientist-in-Charge, USGS
mcoombs@usgs.gov (907) 786-7497

David Fee, Coordinating Scientist, UAFGI
dfee1@alaska.edu (907) 322-4085



The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.

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